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Drug-induced pharmacodynamic effects manifested in older adults include drug-induced renal toxicity, which can be a major factor when these adults are experiencing other kidney problems.
A cataract is a clouding of the eyes' natural lens. As we age, some clouding of the lens may occur. The first sign of a cataract is usually blurry vision. Although glasses and other visual aids may at first help a person with cataracts, surgery may become inevitable. Cataract surgery is very successful in restoring vision, and it is the most frequently performed surgery in the United States.
Since 1988, the CDC has reported a 99% reduction in bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, due to the introduction of the vaccine against it.
Colchicine is a highly poisonous alkaloid originally extracted from a type of saffron plant that is used mainly to treat gout.
The National Institutes of Health have supported research into acupuncture. This has shown that acupuncture significantly reduced pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee, when used as a complement to conventional therapies.
![Organisms exhibit a diversity of behaviours, which include (clockwise from upper left), foraging and](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_09_09_11_10_08_14_1694396.jpeg)
![Organisms exhibit a diversity of behaviours, which include (clockwise from upper left), foraging and](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_09_09_11_10_08_14_16952448.jpeg)
![Organisms exhibit a diversity of behaviours, which include (clockwise from upper left), foraging and](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_09_09_11_10_15_28_1715364.jpeg)