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In 1864, the first barbiturate (barbituric acid) was synthesized.
Multiple experimental evidences have confirmed that at the molecular level, cancer is caused by lesions in cellular DNA.
When Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer, he called "zero degrees" the lowest temperature he was able to attain with a mixture of ice and salt. For the upper point of his scale, he used 96°, which he measured as normal human body temperature (we know it to be 98.6° today because of more accurate thermometers).
Symptoms of kidney problems include a loss of appetite, back pain (which may be sudden and intense), chills, abdominal pain, fluid retention, nausea, the urge to urinate, vomiting, and fever.
Cancer has been around as long as humankind, but only in the second half of the twentieth century did the number of cancer cases explode.