Answer to Question 1
Aaron Antonovsky, a medical sociologist, developed an alternative model to the biomedical pathogenic disease model of health that he coined the salutogenic model. His salutogenic model uses the health continuum approach advocated by proponents of the biopsychosocial model rather than the diseased-healthy dichotomous model advocated by proponents of the biomedical model.
The salutogenic model's emphasis is on what people do right to facilitate health rather than on risk and pathogenic factors. It asks the following question: What are the underlying origins of health (i.e., salutogenesis) rather than what are the underlying origins of disease? Further underlying his model is the assumption that we are all subject to the laws of entropy, the second law of thermodynamics that is, all ordered systems including life forms eventually become disordered and chaotic (e.g., an ice cube melting, an organism dying, wood rotting).
Answer to Question 2
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The goal then according to the more comprehensive approaches to health is to engage in behaviors and practices that achieve optimal levels of health within a continuum of health. In stress management terms, the goal is to work toward staying in an optimal zone of functioning and life satisfaction through the use of health promoting strategies.
Primary and secondary immune responses.
Kidney Anatomy model
The posey bed care model
Climate models the flow of mass and energy
Teaching Models: Designing Instruction for 21st Century Learners
Three-Box Model