People tend to show a preference for ingroups over outgroups even ...

[tiara099]

People tend to show a preference for ingroups over outgroups even when group membership is determined at random, and even when they have never interacted with members of their ingroup. This tendency is known as ____.
 
  a. the discontinuity effect
  b. ingroup favoritism
  c. stigma by association
  d. the minimal group effect

Question 2

Jacques has a big wrestling match coming up, but he fears that he will lose. The week before the match, he claims that he is really busy with other studies, and does not practice at all. Even though he may not realize he is doing this, he is setting himself up so that he will have an excuse in case he loses the match. Jacques is apparently engaging in ________________.
 
  Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

[braelync]

Answer to Question 1

D

Answer to Question 2

self-handicapping
self handicapping

[tiara099]

TYSM

[alexanderhamilton]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it