Answer to Question 1
Possible response points:
The process of natural selection is the process by which nature chooses which genes/traits will be passed down to future generations. People with genes/traits that are best suited to successfully reproduce within a given environment will (naturally) be those who will reproduce the most and thus pass down their genes at a relatively high rate. To the extent that certain genes/traits are selected at high rates, a greater and greater percentage of subsequent generations will end up possessing those genes/traits, untilultimatelythe population can be said to have evolved completely.
Natural selection operates on the basis of two main criteria: survival and reproduction; in order for an organism's traits to be passed down to future generations, the organism must survive long enough to successfully reproduce.
Evolutionary psychologists argue that males and females faced different selective pressures during the course of human evolution, as a consequence of their different capacities for passing on their genes (men can theoretically pass on their genes to hundreds of offspring with very little investment, while for women there is a much lower upper limit on the number of children that are possible, and each child requires a large investment of time and energy). It appears that natural selection therefore operated differently on the two sexesleading men to be relatively more interested in short-term relationships with many mates, and women to be relatively interested in long-term and secure relationships with fewer mates.
Answer to Question 2
specific attitude
Directional selection pushes a phenotype one way or another.
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