Suppose that you are planning to conduct a study to look at the effect of pet ownership on empathy, but that you cannot find any good measures of empathy (all of the measures that you find seem to fall short of your understanding of what empathy is, or to miss the mark completely). Unless you can find a measure that you are satisfied with, your research may end up being low in ____.
a. internal validity
b. external validity
c. construct validity of the cause
d. construct validity of the effect
Question 2
Anger is to ____ as disgust is to ____.
a. approach; avoid
b. avoid; approach
c. guilt; shame
d. happy; joy
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