Author Question: Isaac, a well-respected man with charisma, wants to preserve some uninhabited islands from ... (Read 82 times)

elizabeth18 · **on:** Jun 22, 2018

Isaac, a well-respected man with charisma, wants to preserve some uninhabited islands from development. He carries out a Save the Islands campaign by focusing on people's love for nature, addressing their concern about what they believe is becoming an overdeveloped world. He also presents a strategy for preserving the islands forever. Such leadership best reflects

a. the classic trait approach to leadership.
b. a normative model of leadership.
c. transformational leadership.
d. task-oriented leadership.

Question 2

Describe the phenomenon of insufficient justification, and explain its relationship to cognitive dissonance.

What will be an ideal response?

macmac · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 22, 2018

Answer to Question 1

c

Answer to Question 2

Insufficient justification occurs when people cannot find a good enough reason to
explain their behavior. Often this results in attitude change in the effort to eliminate the
unpleasant arousal caused by the behavior. The relationship between insufficient
justification and cognitive dissonance is made clear by the 1959 study of Fastinger and
Carl smith. In this study, subjects who had been paid only 1 for their participation in an
unpleasant task (and thus received insufficient justification for doing so) were more
inclined to exaggerate their enjoyment of the task (thereby reducing their cognitive
dissonance) than were subjects who had been paid 20 . The 1 was insufficient
justification to account for why the participants had lied to someone else about how fun
the task was, so participants adjusted their attitudes about the task accordingly in order
to alleviate the cognitive dissonance. The 20 participants had sufficient justification for
their behavior, and therefore no attitude change was necessary.