Answer to Question 1
Intragroup comparison is a type of personal identity self-description that involves comparisons with other individuals who share our group membership. For example, a person may describe him or herself as politically progressive when comparing him or herself to a politically conservative family member. However, that same person may not self-describe as progressive when comparing him or herself to a family member who is a socialist. Intergroup comparison is a description of the self at the social identity level; that is, this type of comparison involves contrasts between groups. For example, a man may have certain self-perceptions when comparing himself to a woman but not to another man.
Answer to Question 2
Research has revealed that we do not always know or have conscious access to the reasons for our actions. However, we can certainly generateafter the factwhat might seem to be logical theories of why we acted as we did. Because we often genuinely don't know why we feel a particular way, generating reasons (which might be inaccurate) could cause us to arrive at false conclusions.
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