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Drug-induced pharmacodynamic effects manifested in older adults include drug-induced renal toxicity, which can be a major factor when these adults are experiencing other kidney problems.
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Drying your hands with a paper towel will reduce the bacterial count on your hands by 45–60%.
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The longest a person has survived after a heart transplant is 24 years.
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Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
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Normal urine is sterile. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products. It is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.