Answer to Question 1
Neointima is a new or thickened layer of cells lining the lumen of arteries. Thickening of this layer causes the lumen to become increasingly narrow over time, restricting the flow of blood and therefore the amount of oxygen that reaches the tissues served by the artery. The chronic lack of oxygen causes the tissue to become scarred in patchy areas throughout the transplanted organ.
Answer to Question 2
Passenger cells are those white cells that are located within the donor organ at the time the organ is transplanted. They are carried within the donated organ and are transplanted into the recipient. These cells are capable of identifying the recipient's tissues as foreign and instigating an immune reaction. Once an immune reaction is started, the recipient's immune system attacks the donated organ, potentially leading to partial or complete rejection (destruction) of the organ.
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