The child of an 81-year-old client asks the nurse about vitamins, ...

[maegan_martin]

The child of an 81-year-old client asks the nurse about vitamins, antioxidants, and age-related macular degeneration. Which of the following theories of aging is most appropriate to this topic?
 
  A) Free radicals theory
  B) Immunosenescence theory
  C) Program theory
  D) Wear-and-tear theory

Question 2

A 55-year-old client was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The client completed a diabetes education class and does water aerobics three times a week. The blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c have improved since losing 20 lb.
 
  Which of the following statements best describes this client's actions?
 
  A) Activity theory
  B) Age stratification theory
  C) Functional consequences theory
  D) Life-course development theory

[HandsomeMarc]

Answer to Question 1

Ans: A
Free radical theory focuses on interventions to modify or prevent the age-related accumulation of free radicals or to diminish the formation of free radicals. Antioxidants, beta-carotene, and vitamins C and E provide defense mechanisms against oxidative damage from free radicals. Immunosenescence (age-related decline of the immune system) theory focuses on the increased susceptibility of older people to diseases, such as cancer and infections. The immune system may even attack healthy cells, leading to autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Program theory postulates the life span of about 110 years in humans. Abnormal cells, such as cancer cells, are not subject to this predictable program and can proliferate an indefinite number of times. Wear-and-tear theory postulates that the longevity of the human body is affected by the care it receives, as well as by its genetic components.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: C
The Functional Consequences Theory for Promoting Wellness in Older Adults provides a framework for a holistic approach that identifies the risk factors and addresses those that are modifiable in older adults. Age stratification theory addresses the interdependencies between age as an element of the social structure and the aging of people and cohorts as a social process. Life-course development is related to old age within the context of the life cycle. The activity theory postulates that older people remain socially and psychologically fit if they remain actively engaged in life.