Answer to Question 1
B
To obtain a clean-catch urine specimen, the nurse should instruct the patient to cleanse the genital area from front to back and collect the specimen midstream. This follows the principle of going from clean to dirty. The nurse should have the ambulatory patient void into a hat (container for collecting the urine of an ambulatory patient) when monitoring urinary output, but not when obtaining a clean-catch urine specimen. A urinary catheter is required for a sterile urine specimen, not a clean-catch specimen. A 24-hour urine collection may be necessary to evaluate some disorders but a clean-catch specimen is a one-time collection.
Answer to Question 2
B
The nurse should document this finding as phantom pain. Phantom pain is pain that is perceived to originate in an area that has been amputated. Psychogenic pain refers to pain experienced by a person that does not match the symptoms or the apparent source of pain. It is thought to arise from psychological factors and is disproportional to the painful stimuli. Referred pain occurs in an area distant from the original site. Radiating pain starts at the source but extends to other locations.
In the communication technique of collaborating, the nurse sends the message that the nurse and pati
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