Answer to Question 1
- Many studies have demonstrated a link between violent pornography and callousness or violent tendencies toward women, but some studies have found the same link for violent materials without the sexually explicit content.
- The distinction between violent materials and violent pornography is becoming increasingly important as both violence and sex become more prevalent and more easily accessible on TV, DVDs, the Internet, and in video and computer games.
- Clearly, violence, whether or not in a sexual context, has the ability to influence men's attitudes toward women and may translate into greater violence toward, victimization of, and discrimination against women.
Answer to Question 2
1. Whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law.
2. Whether the work, taken as whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
3. Whether an average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to a prurient interest in sex.
The steps of the scientific method, also known as hypothesis testing
A noose hanging from a “Liberty Tree” reveals this artist’s bias: The “tar-and-feathering” of a Brit
Violence and Segregation in Watts, Los Angeles, August 11, 1965
Wives and husbands are equally as likely to initiate violence, but unlike this photo, wives are more ...
Children who witnessed violence in their homes
Morgan’s crossing-over hypothesis