Answer to Question 1
In normal-weight women, weight loss that exceeds approximately 1015 percent of usual weight decreases estrogen, LH, and FSH concentrations. Consequences of these hormonal changes include amenorrhea, anovulatory cycles, and short or absent luteal phases. It is estimated that about 30 percent of cases of impaired fertility are related to simple weight loss. Hormone levels tend to return to normal when weight is restored to within 95 percent of previous weight. Weight gain is the recommended first-line treatment for amenorrhea related to low body weight.
Obese women tend to have higher levels of estrogen, androgens, and leptin than nonobese women. These hormonal changes favor the development of menstrual-cycle irregularity (it occurs in 30 to 47 percent of overweight and obese women), ovulatory failure and anovulatory cycles, and amenorrhea. Loss of body fat is related to improvements in hormone levels, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and conception rates in both men and women.
Answer to Question 2
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Three Tissue Systems Extend Throughout the Plant Body
Protraction and Retraction Protraction–Moving a body part forward. Retraction–Moving a body part bac
Relationship between levels of COHb in blood and concentration of CO in the surrounding air
Some scholars regard Walt Whitman as a poet of nature, and others, a poet of the body—a reference to
Types of tissue in the human body.
Fascial sheaths surrounding and linking the muscles of the back of the body.