Provide an example of a phase-transfer catalyst other than the one used in this experiment.
Question 2Identify each of the following reactions as an oxidative addition or reductive elimination.
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)
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T3v+/7nveUkkYTbCRAAiRAAiRAAiRAAo4lUIqCzrH3joaTAAmQAAmQAAmQgCJAQccHgQRIgARIgARIgAQcToCCzuE3kOaTAAmQAAmQAAmQAAUdnwESIAESIAESIAEScDgBCjqH30CaTwIkQAIkQAIkQAIUdHwGSIAESIAESIAESMDhBCjoHH4DaT4JkAAJkAAJkAAJUNDxGSABEiABEiABEiABhxOgoHP4DaT5JEACJEACJEACJEBBx2eABEiABEiABEiABBxOgILO4TeQ5pMACZAACZAACZAABR2fARIgARIgARIgARJwOAEKOoffQJpPAiRAAiRAAiRAAhR0fAZIgARIgARIgARIwOEEKOgcfgNpPgmQAAmQAAmQAAlQ0PEZIAESIAESIAESIAGHE6Cgc/gNpPkkQAIkQAIkQAIkQEHHZ4AESIAESIAESIAEHE6Ags7hN5DmkwAJkAAJkAAJkAAFHZ8BEiABEiABEiABEnA4AQo6h99Amk8CJEACJEACJEACFHR8BkiABEiABEiABEjA4QQo6Bx+A2k+CZAACZAACZAACVDQ8RkgARIgARIgARIgAYcToKBz+A2k+SRAAiRAAiRAAiRAQcdngARIgARIgARIgAQcToCCzuE3kOaTAAmQgNMJnDlzRpQrV05ceOGFTr8U2k8CISNAQRcy9DwxCZAACUQ2gT///FO8+OKLIn74MHHVlVeJ55YsEY0bNY5sKLx6EvCTAAWdn+B4GAmQAAmQgP8ENm/ZLMYkJIgj3x4RSdOTxN69e0VGZobo3bu3SE6aIaKjo/3vnEeSQAQSoKCLwJvOSyYBEiCBUBE4dOiQmDhpgsjOzhaJiePF6FGjVbgV9uTn56ttOTk5YtKkyWLEIyNEmTJlQmUqz0sCjiJAQeeo20VjSYAESMCZBH7++WcxN2OumDMnXfTs2VPMSJ4pqlevbnoxeZvzlPfu5KmTYk76HNGpU2dRqlQp0325kgRI4C8CFHR8EkiABEiABAJGQEopVq5cKcZPSBQxNWMMUZchmjRuct7z6fw6ePPq179ZzJ0zV9SrV++8x3EHEohUAhR0kXrned0kQAIkEGAC27dvFwkJo8WB/AMiNSVN9OrVy8vT9uOPP4pMI3eue/ceokGDBl4WYQRsevpsMX/BfDGg/wAxZcpUUblyZa/9uIIEIp0ABV2kPwG8fhIgARKwmMCRI0fElKmTlWdu7NjHRMLoBFG+fHm3s8AD98ILL4hJkycanrcbxeL/XSxq167tto/rwoEDB8SEiePF22+/LaYbgygGxQ1imRNXQHwf8QQo6CL+ESAAEiABErCGwK+//ioWPL5ApKTMEt26dVN5cjVr1vTqPDcv1xB5o8WJ706oHLmuXbt5ee68Djq3YlPuJpVfd/a3syIzI1O0bt3G165cTwIRRYCCLqJuNy+WBEiABKwngDy5tWuzxbjEcaLqFVVVnlyzps28TnTw4EHlZVu3bp2YMGGiGPnoyIIRrl47F7IC3r1ly5Yp717Llq1EWmqaqFOnTiFHcBMJhD8BCrrwv8e8QhIgARIIGIGPP/5YjBk7RuzevUvlyaGOnOeIVD3CFblweoRrjRo1SmzT6dOnxezZaWLhooUifli8GDcuUVSqVKnE/bIDEnAiAQo6J9412kwCJEACISZw/Phx8Y9/TBPLX1xuDHwYY4RBx4gKFSq4WQXP3apVryjPXbXoaiJz3jxh5rlzO8iPhf379yvPX25urpg1M0X069fPS1T60S0PIQFHEaCgc9TtorEkQAIkEFoCv/32m/KIzZiRLDp27KgEVExMjJdRO3bsEGPGJIg9e/eIlFmpom/fvuKCCy7w2s/KFf/e+G91zrJlyhqzTmSKpk2aWtk9+yIBWxOgoLP17aFxJEACJGAfAq+//poKr0ZdGqXy5Fo0b+Fl3LFjx8TUaVPE8uXLxaiRo4IeBkV+3fPPP69G2Xbo0KHQAsZexnMFCTiYAAWdg28eTScBEiCBYBEYMKC/WJO9Rjzxz4WiT58+Xt427blLSpou2re/K+QDFVDfLi0tVc1OsTlvi2jYsGGwUPE8JBASAhR0IcHOk5IACZCAswgkJyeJvV9+KZYuWepl+BtvvK48d5h3NWNuhmjTpq3XPqFaUa16tFif85po1KhRqEzgeUkgKAQo6IKCmSchARIgAWcTmDlrpti370ujAPCzBReyd+9ekWDkyW3ZslkkJSWLuIFxonTp0gXbg/0GgyOioqLUnz53jZrVxavrcijoNBC+hi0BCrqwvbW8MBIgARKwjoCZoBs58lEVep06dZotpuPq3qO76BLbRcTFxRVcOAVdAQq+CXMCFHRhfoN5eSRAAiRgBQEzQWdFv1b20bVbVxEbGyuGDB5S0C0FXQEKvglzAo4TdF8aORx169Z11G05efKkOHv2rIiOjnaU3U5kjUKj33//vTCbbshR8GksCdiMAAWdzW4IzSEBTwJG4UdHtN27d8uuXbvI0hddKO/tea80xIbt7f7jjz+kMfm0rFwlSlasVFHOXzBfGsLO9nYfPnxYDhocJy8qU1p26txR7tq1y/Y2G6UK5EsvvSSrRl8hy1coJ+dmzJXGvJK2t5sGkoBTCMyYOUMOjBtga3O7GN8RTz39lJuN1WtUk9u2bXNbxwUSCEcCwu4XZXhb5PjxiepL+oEH75d5eXmyb78+skLF8nLSpInyhx9+sOUlbHl/i7zttlbSGGGlPmCysl6WV9etI2+qf6M0ajnZ0mZjeh6ZkpoiL426RPbp21t++OGH8tFHR8hKF1eUY8eOkYan0ZZ2b922Vd555x3yiqqXy4ULn5BGZXp53fXXyhvqXS9zcl6VEHtsJEACJSNAQVcyfjyaBAJNwLaCDt6tZ599Vhr5D7JFi+YyNy/XjYVREVw2bdZExtSqKY0ikhL726EdOnRI9h/wkBKgjz02Vp46darArJ9++kkaYQt58SWVZGyXWPnFF18UbAvlGwielSuzZN1rrpaNmzSS7/3/e27mGHM1yrs73K3E6dPPPC1///13t+2hWtCexHLly0ojOVueOHGiwJRffvlFzk6fLaMqX2p4GTvJzz77rGAb35AACRSfAAVd8ZnxCBIIJgFbCrqNmzbKZs2bnlesuYq+li1byLzNecFk53Yu7d265NKLpZGYW2iY8uDBg/Kh/g8q0RdqzxdCEW3btpHR1arKZ555xqdYg+jLzl4jr73uGtmo8a1yw4Z33a4/mAsQa+lz0pVY63BPB/nJJ5/4PD1E3+AhgxTrhITR8rvvvvO5LzeQAAn4JkBB55sNt5CAHQjYStDl5+fLv9/fz8g3qyAnT54kjUrfRWKEsOyECeNVGBZCCV6yYDUIndWrV8lrrq0rb25QX7755htFPjUEKIQoxFSwPV/au4V8s+KISoiptNlpKizb675ect++fUW+3pLuCNbr1q2V199wnQqprl2bXeRwKoRr69Z3KtbIsbGLl7GkTHg8CQSLAAVdsEjzPCTgHwFbCDqEIpNnJKtQ5H297/MpEjCg4MGHHpBGVXLTqzWKXKoBE/CSzUqZJeE1C2TTocjLr7hMPv7Px/0a8KAHTiB0rDxf720IpMnSmJ5HpqalKkHWObaz32Hfb775RiVIQ3wHI5cRIdOOnToquyEoISzNGkLx8fHDJOzzbBCEL7/8sqxz9VUh9zJ62sZlErA7AQo6u98h2hfpBEIq6PAFm5WV9d8v2POIGeyPDxXkoHXr3k1i5KtZe+edt+UttzZUOWFIkMdxVrbjx4/LESMeUR5BDBrAckkbvJFTpkxWfULUfvXVV25dYnSv/kO+m6+WkZlRsB8GBng2eC/hqVq/Psdzk1/L73/wvhr8UTOmhlyyZInluYwIkY4ePUoiTy5u0EBToeZq+Ndff61y5jCww5fw8/wB4cnatT++JwES+IsABR2fBBKwN4GQCbrt27fLNm1aq0T7wnK3zPAhNIsRrwgXJiaOkwi5ejZ4ohY9uUiVsWh/V3u5c+dOz12KvQwPITxx8Mjd8z/3FJq7VezOzx2AECZCmfB8uYZvtZjD6/0P/N1n961atSxU0Pk8sAQbIJiXL18ua9WOkc2bN5ObcjeVoLe/DnW9f7fffpuEcCxqgz0Y3YpRrhC1yP0zE/V4juDxxSjeqVOnSKOGXVFPwf1IIOIIUNBF3C3nBTuMQNAF3dGjR+XQh4cowTJu3GNuo0CLyw7CAQICdYYwItZspCs8PEiGR5mT4cPj5bFjx4p7GrX/v/71lsqRg0hAHpeZQPCrYx8HfbD1AzfPnxZ0KHuCkZtm4eQDBw7IsuXKqNIo2N/MQ+fjdJashpcRwghiFLmQsMef9u6778hbG92iBCKEor+sUYcO9ehQBxCDJxAiN2s6l7H2lbWUMPX3fGZ9cx0JhAsBCrpwuZO8jnAlEDRBhy/XzHmZsspllQsNlxYXNETc0qVLJUJ+GBmLEbJm7fPPP1elQi67vIpc8PiCIue77dmzR/a4t4cSBaEsVqsF3bRpU5UHDqFkzzZv/jy1Te8TbEGn7YGXEWFjeL6mJ02XZ86c0ZsKfXX1TkIYFnVQTKGdGhu//fZb9SMCYVuEyF3Lm+hj8RwtW7ZMicjiegR1H3wlgXAmQEEXzneX1xYOBIIi6F57bb288aZ6ysP11ltvBoQbCgxPnDhBeeIK8w7BFni56t98k1tI09Mo9IeRsxAlDw8bqkSB5z7BXNaCDl4mvEeo0LNBiCC/EOFJVw8dvHnIz0NhY8z+gGLHo0aNVKHIdu3bqTxGz76sWEZpE3jarqpzpZrFwZfn63z5g1bYgj50mB8FiJ8wChAjrOvZtJcR9x1V8c0GV3gew2USiAQCFHSRcJd5jU4mEFBBh8K5KKBb2Beo1fD0SNfCvEPIhcM0XPDWeQ6ugKcGyf3w+LVr11bNlmC1jf70pwUdbG94SwMVdnUd6YnBDmXKXqSuB9y1oMM+EG0QchB0ECnde3RXwhehSKyHZy9QDeVBUCYEU3LdccftEqFk3Vy9YsEY4YvzQlRipCtEZoOGN0uE0s0aBkr07tNbcfY1uMLsOK4jAasI4P/DTo2Czk53g7aQgDeBgAg6hLhQ2wyiyrOCv7cJgVmDL2p8YeOLe8WKFaZ5WMine+SR4cpO5POtN7x3yMnDjAmvvLLS9JjAWHv+XrWgg1cJ4Ugsr1mzuuBAhJGx7rnnnlOlSLSgQ307iDaIE9e5TTGtFwRtoAWdNlDnMiLsCVGZnZ2tRsdC6IWiLhzCwEnJSereI6SOHwJmDbNmNGnaWOUjrlq1yjRP0+w4riOBkhJo176tnGx41vEjyPV/t6T9+ns8BZ2/5HgcCQSHQEAEHUaBNm3WVH766afBuQofZ4H4QWgN9qBUB4rLmrWPPvpIhYQhgoJRv87MhvOtg234wzUhdIj3KKKsG+YyxahfzLfq6qHDdWM9RLZngzAMlqDT50Y9OTwbsN8OMzdg4AZC9Bg0gxC72dzA8DIuXrxYhbMxnRsbCQSaALxz+n8eA53wP9w5tpN6DlGuyVf6QiDtoqALJF32TQIlJxAQQYfBCfBm2KWhThyS4eEdGjJ0sKm4WbHi/2SLls3tYrKXHfrDXed9YbQtQtkIwSLPCx/6Xbp2Uce5CjqUEsGfWcMI0mALOtix/cPtynYzm0K1Ts8NXFg9vQED+ysPaKhs5HkjiwAGcuH/Wv/v4xVF07GuymVVjCLqPdQ81v6O3C8uTQq64hLj/iQQXAIBEXQtWjRX02HpS8GvTV+5SnqfYLzqmR2QO4YRq645KsirQo6XXZv+UNeCbvz4RPVBj+mvMHoY2xG6RHMVdJgVAWVdzFqoBB3CvZjuzLWhIDC+wELZ8Dyg/A14IfTuWftu0OA4NaI6lDby3JFFYOjDQ1UZIP3/7/mqBF7ZMipNBOktr766TqJwdiAaBV0gqLJPErCOQFAE3f79+5V3zDqz/e8JoQoUmoU3y/WDz2mCbuu2rUrEYeJ5FE6G9xHhVjRXQYf6a/hFj3vg2ZA3GAoPnZmgw9y9mH3DDg2FqiGY0+eku5kTyYLOU0hw+b8zt9iFBQZFYYYUfBZgvuPGTRrLHTt2uD3DJVmgoCsJPR5LAoEnEDRBhw8bOzenCToIUwzeQNgVXyiYuUI3V0GHenUQbdh+6tQpvYtE+RYUKLaToEPhZzs3Cjr7iRi7iCk72QFBp+3BzDZWNTNBh8hLqD3rrteHH+o6UqHXw+PuK39a78NXEggHAhR05+6i0wQdzMagAv3B/eRTTxY8j66CDsIPNesg3BBqvuvuu4xf7o3UMgVdAbIivYlkQVckQNzJcgLp6bPVYBz9f+75Cu87/o/xgxk/8B42QrSrV6+Shw8ftnzghJmgQ7oHal/is0hHCCyHUIwOUdEAg9xcGwWdKw2+t5qA6//kkSNHTLvXETXsi//TQDUKunNk7S7oMOMC/lzz/iDc9HrX2Q8wCATrUcoETeeGQczhYULNt+QZyeqXLD105x6AIrxQ0BUBEnexjAAGO1SuHFXwow1fBhjtCgGH9zG1asr4+GHK2242OtsyQ851ZCbosGnXrl2q/iXyYkNRguh810lBdz5C3F4SAq6CDtUQzJouNUZBZ0YnAOvsLuj8veQN722QW97fIl2LEOu+Fj25SHnqfD2Eej+rX33l0DHkajVp9udkAlrMaU86RqsPGTpETVGHwtfBbgMGDpD1brxBooi5WcMsQKj9Gawi4WY2eK7LzctV3stZKTMt91h6nsuqZczsEz98mGzZqoXMz8+3qtuA94PvGeRuIvcYpZ4ipUGkoToC8le7dutqetmIioENBZ0pHutXhqugS0wcp0RbSmqK2wca6sFdc21d9YvfV1Fd6yn/1SMFXaDIst9wIoAvgL/9radcvz5HHj16NOSXhqn87jTqWmJkLT5PIDw8G0bh44civHUoZh4K4QmbIIQeePB+9SXbpk1rNd0hIhSe4VhP+0O5jPQYhMvxuXzLrQ0NcdBFsUY0xXUAXyhtNDs3ymahpBO8x7FdOivPsZ1EvZnNel3FShXUjxC97M+rFmmYvxz9nT592q0bDEjEPhiEqPd128HCBYZcz8EMV0G3Z88e9eGK0GrtK2tJFCDGhwVyb5B3M9vI0Ql2o6ALNnGez4kEdIkiu9kOgYm5uSE8IEAgRDwb8ukwWxDydhFu8vyS89zfqmUIH4SG4S2ByNDeRD1yHbMXIRIQrNp9Rb2unTt3qmoFCA+jdJJOrYHXq1WrlmraxqysLFPWRT2H1ftB0KempSrWmOJTD47Rc3ND3EDUm1VYsNoWf/uzUtChDBgEG6pouDZMM4r1Gzdt9BJ0Vs+z/h8AAAD//0YtCTAAABctSURBVO2dC5xNVfvHlyL3lEslRiJihEK5JyO3xIv3ZaSMSkK5GwYxxp0ZZtx7I0rhTW5JpYTXnYjQxT3JNSLpgimt//6tf/u8e87Zc+bsc5tz9vmtz8fnnLP3Wmuv9V2nzm+e9TzPEjIApVatmnLFiuWOnr/77jt5S+5cjs+h+Obdd9+V9evXC8Wh+Tymc+fOyZEjk2RMTENZ9cEqEuvzYreuctfnu3zu25sOvvjiC3nnXXdkaDps2Cvy5ZdfynAt1D680LWLnD9/fqgNi+MhgaATSE9Pl1OmTpGFi9wuGzdpLL/88kvTMRw6dEj+o/U/ZKl7ouTChQvlX3/9ZVrP14vod+nSJbJM2XtlnTq15Wc7PzPt8vDhw7J1m9aySNHCavyYR3aW8+fPyx49usv8BfLJhIRB8ueff3YZzo0bN+SCBQtkVKmS6v/h+P9ndhawfu+9FbJc+ftkpQei5ccfrzYdzvHjx2Vsh1hZoGB+mZQ0Qv7666+m9bLzIrhXqVrZpyHkzHWzLHtfGfnjjz/K3Hlukc93eS5Df02aNlG/d3/++afU66LCtWvXZEyjGJnrlpzqe4t2+G7my59X3l74NnUd/41ZKcJKZU/rUtB5Sioy61HQRea6c9b2I3DhwgX1h1jefHlkr1491Y+a2Sw//XSN+mOyXr26cueunWZVvL62d+9eJXQgeCB8IICyKmvWfCIrV3lARleqKD/66MOsqvv9/vXr12XalDQliCF4ITSzKr/88oscPnyYLHhrAdm9RzcJMRjsAuEOAQ9BPG36NOmJIN64aaOs8XB1eU/pUnLRokUBE/WesJg7d640/sP3Fn9sGK8tWbLEk64cdYwirUGDRx3iDRUuX76sRF5c506qvrHu7DmzlWiD6MX3QS/4fQRfCD0KOp2KxVc7W+gsogh4dQq6gCPmA0ggqAT27dsnH2/8uCxarIicMXOG/OOPP1yej2uv/vtVeVfxO5UV48yZMy51rFyAoHnppR5K4MDCD8FjpUCMQJTgx7PFky3kgQMHrDT3ui4EJITkA5UryU8++dhyP8eOHZP/avcvJQbxg++JqLL8EKcGFy9elL1791LWo549X5YQ8mYF4tooTvQ6sE7NmTNHrf2jj9aXn+/+XL8V1FcIqqz+3V+hvKUxGUXaxOSJqv8tW7eoPmCVxv1ly5aqz8a6EH8QlD/88IPL8xITh1PQuVCxcIGCzgIsH6tS0PkIkM1JIAQJGLfisI21du2npqP86aefZHz8AFnsjqISP4DYerJSIGCmTpuqhBiEDQSOL0W3MmKrq3//fvLSpUu+dJdp22+++UY+0eIJS9atTDvTbqxfv04++FBVt9ue7tp7cg8ifOasmWqt3G2t6321adtGQhC9//5KU0scLFaDBg1UwhAuLGfPntWbBuV12/Zt0vgPa46tY+O1PXv2WBqLUaQdPHhQCbihQ4eoPjo+/ZTaTte3m411YVHGP7MCIUgLnRkZD69R0HkIyg/VKOj8AJFdkECIEoBAg1C77fZCEj/wR48eNR0p/OvgM1T+/nJy5cr3TAWAc0P4a8FvC0IGgsafBVbGRo83knfcWUxZEs2sjN48DwKxb98+SsTATzgz65Y3fetWT4y5ZauWEkz9VSDIIcytrA9E/TvvvKO2V+E7tn//ftPh6L6M+I6kTEqxLOpNO/Xioj996PTHQ9DiH/47KHTbrRIc9GIUdPeWKS2L332XfivDKwVdBhzWP1DQWWfmbQsKOm/JsR0JhA8BWF9ghcGP5pAhg+WVK1dMBw/hgGAtd75sECoQLP4WW84DgiBZvnyZcnLHmNatW+tcxePPEFuzXp2lxgyhCMEYqIItUYhGBCAMHBivfLe8fRYEOIS4L2Lrt99+U4F4EDTYFs/M3w++lRCNEECrVr3vkaj3dl5m7QIh6GCBhHB7bfZrjlf92UZBB6GHIAoEjToX9EELnTMVC58p6CzA8rEqBZ2PANmcBMKIAPyl4C9UouTd8s033zQNWoCPFcSUc8EWHQQKhAoEC4RLMMrVq1fl+Anj5a2FCsq2/2wrjxw5YumxukhF9CMEotncLHXoYeWvv/5aNmveTPmqvf766xJcPS0Q3BDeEDnIgoDsCL6WEydOyKc6dlD+fqlpqab+dcZtXYwdcwhWefiRGkq8+vI8o0hDPxs2blBCDr6ZuHfq1ClH98a6+F5AtDVt1jSDAF+9+iMlpinoHNisv6Ggs87M2xYUdN6SYzsSCE8CEDT4fyy2mWrWfET5LLmbCYQIBAkCKIL9I28c1+nTp+Wzz3VW26WDByeYphUx1ofwwzYyhCAEIYRhsAtYf/DBKmX1QnTpps2b3A4BUcEQ2hDcDRs+Jq36kLnt/O+bGAPG4s6/TrcyQlBCvAfKl9GT8VqpYxRpaIfvri7mqteolqErY12sE6JfIdyQpgRBRaiPz7COUtBlQGftAwWdNV6+1Kag84Ue25JA+BL4/fff5egxo5Xg6RT3jDx58qTLZDZv2SxhOcGPP4RJsKxbLgMxXNjx2Q5Zu3YteXeJ4irFhbPlC/njkEcOTvYQgBCC2V3gwzVp8iQlFmAlg7XMuSAYAGnGkL8PefwCydoo0t351+nBI4HeXndm4e3nkaNGqiAdY3v4wOG6cxSzc12I6Xnz5ikxB2tuteoPqf8+sF1LQWckavE9BZ1FYD5Up6DzAR6bkoANCGAbCtYJWLLGjB0jIfT07TlYKyBErEa/BhoLfnzffvttWTKqhLI2weqkixQ4t0PwQfiFWsHWadcXX1CskWAe/m06f/i4jR03VvEP1rj1bXRY4tz51+npXQIRABOsubp7DrZmkQDb7HuO9D4QdMiPZ6UwsfDftCjorHxtfKtLQecbP7YmAbsQ2L5juzrZASlM4CcH4eEP361A8kG+O+S9Qw4xWJEg8CD0PEloHMhxZdU3fBmRAw4iLhQsiUjxgUAXnDaSmX8dctrpJ5JER1cMqAUxK37+vg+LLkQbtuaNllFYKO8rV1Z9vzKLEM9sLBR0f5OhoMvsK+L/6xR0/mfKHkkgXAlACI1ISpQffhj8Ext8YXbw4AHt2K4elhMa+/JMX9tCODxS82HZ4akOvnblt/YIAkCiZXf+dVu3blXBGn57aAh0BH9LHIEJUYfTKiC2YY1E5CuOSk1OSbY8yhxoIfxcNNOzSEhIEK1bt1E9a6Z0oeWyEdevpfv5Sf7rTjvuQ0yfPk1s2rTZf52yJ1MCWjZx0ax5U3Hu7A+O+9qRNkJLOCpmzJjpuBZqbzTrgahf71ERFxcXakPjeEiABEjAIwJaBKsoWTJKJA5P9Kh+MCppka5CS/EiRo0aKapXryEmT5osKleu7Hi0doqHqFO3tvjp0mXHNTu80U6JEK+99m+xceNGcfHSRZE3T15RpWoV0bXri6KGxsFysSwBPWgQ6me5whEXPhoIl9YLLXQ6icC/hrqFDn/Fwn8D/4wFObXmz59vvMT3JEACJBBWBLCtDed8Y0EkcSgEciBfXY8e3WWevLkzHMWGbUhEfrK4JxCULVc4vCYljXA/kiDcxTjggIvDjXEgstEZkYIuCAvw9yPMBB0OcEZEW3YXPcIKfiYI5TcWCjojDb4nARIIRwJmgg6BKMHM/5YVN4hLZ78yCrqsqGm7rVlXsV7D2UJnvQf/tsAXAyHZCM3O7EBkCjr/MnfXm5mgc1c/GPeQ8wjnOOIvw+e7PCfNDg6noAvGSvAZJEACgSQQDoLOef600DkTMf8cEEGHZJBxcZ2yJami8zQhHmJiGro9EBmWu6c6PqUSKzq352f/E4DzM4STp+c3+n8E/+sRaQeQ8wfOqXXr1pE7d+38303DO82HQ/1BgCNZWEiABEggXAlQ0IXrymU97oAIOoRwIzEkQm+DeeyJcbrYi+/eo5sSDpkdiAzLnRYMoX6okb180X8WGbvg+wARQPb0fv37qoSXSDD51VdfBehJ7rvdsOG/8qFqD8qoUiUlEkEaTfx6S1ju+vXrq1IqdOnyvGkiVL0uX0mABEgg1AlQ0IX6Cnk/voAIOgwHoejwQUJm7ZhGMVKLbPR+lBZaIm9N2pQ0ldvG3YHION7ksccahE0OIQsIwqYq8k3hzEBY63r37hW0cxq//fZb2a59OxUGn5g43DTtgPFg7RZPtsjgoBs2gDlQEiABEnAiQEHnBMRGHwMm6HRGOBIFB/4iaSSiV2A5C1TR89m4OxBZz5qN8WipMkx/zAM1PvZrTmD37t0Sh3cjuejMWTMzRB+bt/DuKhKCYs2Robx9bHt5/Phx0470g7UrRldwiXQ1bcCLJEACJBAmBCjowmShvBhmwAWdPiYk0WvTto3brNB6XauvyDj9ZMsn3R6IjIhWJOpDpAysM7DSsIQOAWx3Ll68WJa+9x5ZpWpluW7dWr8NDtbiBQsWqK1VnJWHI1fMivE7CisvrL0sJEACJGAnAhR0dlrNjHMJmqDTH/vpp2tk5SoPSFg/fD14GWfCxccPUEdkdH42Tp1Ppz9Hf4VQgPO9lthYZWFev36dfouvIUgA5wwiRxIsqG3/2VZaPfrEeUo4Kw/BDjiiB8EPzodqo75+sDYsd926vyi1ZI/O3fAzCZAACdiCAAWdLZbRdBJBF3QYRXp6upw+Y7qKPG3+RHPL+W/wozxnzhyJaFociIzzAM3K/v37ZeMmjdVWHg67NSYSNqvPa6FDQD+oG2cODh06RF65csXS4JB2BOlH4J+HdCQIbnAuxoO14U8Jv0oWEiABErAzAQo6+65utgg6HeeFCxdkz54vq4OC+/Tp7ZFT/KbNm2SNh6urFCNvvfWW6YHI6BeRrRADffv28ahffUx8DS0CxvXGKQ1ZHYCNrfWJyRPVAdT4YwH5i8wKEhnje4QtXuQgNItwNWvHayRAAiQQzgQo6MJ59dyPPVsFnT40WNIQkQqn+BkzZ2RqSYNlDz/Ar7wy1NRig/tTp01Vlr+mzZpatvzp4+FraBHQLWmwyCJpdWYWWYx62bKlstID0dpB3x+YijQEQsR2iFWnhYwaPUpii5eFBEiABCKFAAWdfVc6JAQd8MJCsmLFcpW7Dj528LWzUhDhih/y+yuUl6tWvW/6Y26lP9YNPQLwmRw4MF75TMZ17mTqM5nZqBHhihQl8JN7+pmO8vvvv8+sKq+TAAmQgG0JUNDZdmkDc/SXL7iQdHb8hPEqYhXnrR4+fNhtd8jgjzxhiF5NmZSS4XxWtw15M2wJIKq5ZauWyso2dtxYiZM+MivYokWiayQPRrLrzVs2Z1aV10mABEjA9gQo6Oy7xCFjoXNGjMN5n32us7LGwCoD64yx6Bn88+bLI3HG5tmzZ423+T4CCBjzDmKr1dkPDluzCJopfvddct68eaYRrhGAiVMkARIgAQcBCjoHCtu9CVlBp5Pe8dkOWadObRXROnvObGWBQ8Qq0lDUr19P7vp8l16VrxFIAH6TU6ZOUfkN9RNJTp48KTvFPaP+GEhIGKTSkkQgGk6ZBEiABFwIUNC5ILHNhRyYiQjxollexKJFi8TgIQlCyxkmihQpIiaMnyhiY2NFjhw5Qnz0HF4wCGiRzWLEiEQxd95ccfPNN4smTZqKlOQUUa5cuWA8ns8gARIggbAgoB23KEqWjBKJwxMd4y1c5HaxZfNWER0d7bgWSm801ypRp25t8dOly6E0rJAbS1gIOp2a5tgu0tJSxYAB8SJ//vz6Zb6SgIPAhg0bxLFjR0WXLi84rvENCZAACZDA/xOgoLPvNyGsBJ19l4EzIwESIAESIIHAE6CgCzzj7HoCBV12kedzSYAESIAESCDIBCjoggw8iI+joAsibD6KBEiABEiABLKTQDgIOvhEFy1a1OEjTx86z74xFHSecWItEiABEiABEgh7AmaCLrpSRfHx6k9EqVKlsnV+WjoyMXJkktAyWogv9uwVFSpUUOOhoPNsWSjoPOPEWiRAAiRAAiQQ9gTMBF12T0o73lGJuKSkESK6YrRITU0T1apVcwyLgs6Bwu0bCjq3eHiTBEiABEiABOxDoE3b1qJs2fvEpJRJITGp9evXiX79+4krV66IiROSRbt27RxbrfoAtfPeRd16dcQvV37VL/HVhAAFnQkUXiIBEiABEiABOxLo1q2bWLL0XdG3bz8Rr6UAy5cvX7ZM89ixY2JQwiCxZs0nYuDAQaZjQZpc7Wx2MSB+gLjpppvEwQOHXMRetgw+RB9KQReiC8NhkQAJkAAJkEAgCJw4cUIl6t++fbsYN3a86NChgxJMgXiWc5/IJzthwnihnfAjWrduLcaPm2DquwerHITcuXNnxeRJk1WyeOe++DkjAQq6jDz4iQRIgARIgAQigsCmzZtEf227M/ctucXk1FRRq2atgM0bJz4tWLBADH1liChevLjyk6tfr77L886fPy9GJCWK5cuXi2HDhovu3bqLXLlyudTjBVcCFHSuTHiFBEiABEiABCKCwI0bN8Qbb7whEkcMF40aNVIWu6ioKL/OffuO7aJ/v37ixPcnxJjRY0Xnzp3VEY3Gh1y/fl1MnzFdTJw4QcS2jxVJSSNV6hJjHb53T4CCzj0f3iUBEiABEiAB2xO4fPmyGDt2jDoPu3ev3iI+fqAoUKCAT/M+ffq0ssgtWbJE9OrZSwwd+oooVKhQhj7hJ7dy5XvKny4qqpRI0yJcq1SpkqEOP3hGgILOM06sRQIkQAIkQAK2J3Do0CERPzBe7Nu3V1nrOnbsaNm/7urVqyJtSprylWvYMEakJKeI8uXLu7Dbu3ev8pM7ceI7kTwxWbRp05ZBDy6UPL9AQec5K9YkARIgARIggYggsHr1R0rYFSxQUPnX1a1TN8t5w9q2YsVyZW3LkyePCmZo2rSZS7tz586pLV5Y7hDh2k+LuM2bN69LPV6wRoCCzhov1iYBEiABEiCBiCCQnp4uZr06S4wePUqLMm2iIlJLly6d6dzbx7YX69atFSNGJIke3Xu4BDNcu3ZNTJ02VfnJtWrVSowdM06UKFEi0/54wxoBCjprvFibBEiABEiABCKKgB55unDhQtGndx8xaFCCKFiwoAuDrdu2ivLlyotixYpluAfL3fLly0TC4ARxR7E7RGpaWkAjajM8PII+UNBF0GJzqiRAAiRAAiTgLQH4vCHNyeEjh1W0alxcXJb+dbv37NaSBg8QR44eURa+p59+Oss23o4v0ttR0EX6N4DzJwESIAESIAEPCejWNpzyULhwYTFJS/rb4NEGLq3PnDkjhicOE4sXLxZ9+/QVCQmDTa16Lg15wWsCFHReo2NDEiABEiABEohMAohkTU1LVf5wzZo1FxPGTxBlypQR+vXk5ImiceMmKnoV11kCT4CCLvCM+QQSIAESIAESsCWBU6dOqVxzy5YtE801YYctVuSaS52cKmJiGtlyzqE6KQq6UF0ZjosESIAESIAEwoTAtu3btBMg4kSX51/QkhLHi5w5c4bJyO0zTAo6+6wlZ0ICJEACJEACJBChBCjoInThOW0SIAESIAESIAH7EKCgs89aciYkQAIkQAIkQAIRSoCCLkIXntMmARIgARIgARKwDwEKOvusJWdCAiRAAiRAAiQQoQQo6CJ04TltEiABEiABEiAB+xCgoLPPWnImJEACJEACJEACEUqAgi5CF57TJgESIAESIAESsA8BCjr7rCVnQgIkQAIkQAIkEKEEKOgidOE5bRIgARIgARIgAfsQoKCzz1pyJiRAAiRAAiRAAhFKgIIuQhee0yYBEiABEiABErAPAQo6+6wlZ0ICJEACJEACJBChBCjoInThOW0SIAESIAESIAH7EKCgs89aciYkQAIkQAIkQAIRSoCCLkIXntMmARIgARIgARKwDwEKOvusJWdCAiRAAiRAAiQQoQQo6CJ04TltEiABEiABEiAB+xCgoLPPWnImJEACJEACJEACEUrg/wBoek8UUCIHmQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Question 3ByGsFEzhcExkpxh3Wqz88IkmApxqyAtMgpiNYgv8rlSewm+mykOjpfbD3BELFgzwAAABVy2fxjEOhAzxNnxvnJszxZKfaE9GskvCImT4zRhXow8PlooyIkMl8dZlskLGcVbeaKA2FGbdH5gCMRwpaFHijLjEmU80bOF/IRIiJUg7hRlx4bJfR8WZbIiR22E4hgJZ2OI36YLA2NkNphmrmg0L8yGw5bOBdcC5lOQGRcs88WSeKKk8FEOXJ5/gIwDxuUJ4uXcMLi6/GLkvqX5OdFye2wrLycoRlZn7KCoMHbUt7sALjBZHbBHWezQaPlc7/ILouNk3HAUhAMW8AdMIIYtDeSBLMDvGGgagP/JRgIBGwhBBuABa7lm1CNROiKA31hQBP6AiAdEY35+0lEeKIT6L2Na2dcapEtHC6Ue2eApxLm4Nu6Fe+Dh8OsDmz3uiruN+jGVR2clBhD9icHEQKLFGA8OZJ0DmxDw/40uDPY8mJ2Ei2A0h2/xCE8JXYRHhBuEHsIdkACeSKPIrWbwi4U/MGeCCNADowXKs0v7PjvcFLJ2wv1wT8gfcscZuDawxh1hJr64N8zNCWq/Zyge4/atlj/OJ2H9fT5yvZKlkpOcRdrYL8Mas/oxCuu7GnFhH/ajJbYMO4xdwE5jl7BWrAkwsZNYM9aOHZfgsZXwRLoSRmeLkXLLhnH4oza29bb9tp9/mJstn19SL1EBb3aBZDOw8vLnCPkZmQVMX3ga85ghAo7NBKa9rZ0LAJKzXXZ0vGFIz2yEcfmbrlgZgEkfR0ZGWr/pwk0AOFIKAOXpN515DdyuiwG4WM4RCwtlOslxDAiAApThrtACesAImMN87IEz8AA+IACEgigQB5LBdFjxTJALOc8C88BiUArKwWqwHmwG28BOUAv2g0OgCbSC0+A8uAI6wQ1wD66LPvASDIJ3YBhBEBJCQ+iIFqKPmCBWiD3iinghAUg4EoMkI6lIBiJAxMg8ZAlSjlQgm5EdSB3yK3IMOY1cQrqQO0gv0o/8hXxCMZSKqqO6qCk6EXVFfdEwNA6dhmagM9EitARdiW5Ea9B9aCN6Gr2C3kB70JfoEAYwRYyBGWDWmCvGwqKwFCwdE2ILsDKsEqvBGrAW+Dtfw3qwAewjTsTpOBO3hmszGI/HOfhMfAG+At+M1+KN+Fn8Gt6LD+JfCTSCDsGK4E4IISQRMgizCKWESsJuwlHCObhv+gjviEQig2hGdIH7MpmYRZxLXEHcQjxAPEXsIj4mDpFIJC2SFcmTFEVikwpIpaRNpH2kk6RuUh/pA1mRrE+2JweSU8gCcjG5kryXfILcTX5GHlZQUTBRcFeIUuAqzFFYpbBLoUXhqkKfwjBFlWJG8aTEUbIoiykbKQ2Uc5T7lDeKioqGim6KkxX5iosUNyoeVLyo2Kv4kapGtaSyqFOpYupK6h7qKeod6hsajWZK86Gl0ApoK2l1tDO0h7QPSnQlG6UQJa7SQqUqpUalbqVXygrKJsq+ytOVi5QrlQ8rX1UeUFFQMVVhqbBVFqhUqRxTuaUypEpXtVONUs1VXaG6V/WS6nM1kpqpWoAaV61EbafaGbXHdIxuRGfROfQl9F30c/Q+daK6mXqIepZ6ufp+9Q71QQ01DUeNBI3ZGlUaxzV6GBjDlBHCyGGsYhxi3GR8Gqc7znccb9zycQ3juse91xyv6aPJ0yzTPKB5Q/OTFlMrQCtba41Wk9YDbVzbUnuy9iztrdrntAfGq4/3GM8ZXzb+0Pi7OqiOpU6MzlydnTrtOkO6erpBuvm6m3TP6A7oMfR89LL01umd0OvXp+t76fP11+mf1H/B1GD6MnOYG5lnmYMGOgbBBmKDHQYdBsOGZobxhsWGBwwfGFGMXI3SjdYZtRkNGusbRxjPM643vmuiYOJqkmmyweSCyXtTM9NE06WmTabPzTTNQsyKzOrN7pvTzL3NZ5rXmF+3IFq4WmRbbLHotEQtnSwzLassr1qhVs5WfKstVl0TCBPcJggm1Ey4ZU219rUutK637rVh2ITbFNs02byaaDwxZeKaiRcmfrV1ss2x3WV7z07NLtSu2K7F7i97S3uOfZX9dQeaQ6DDQodmh9eOVo48x62Ot53oThFOS53anL44uzgLnRuc+12MXVJdql1uuaq7RruucL3oRnDzc1vo1ur20d3ZvcD9kPufHtYe2R57PZ5PMpvEm7Rr0mNPQ0+25w7PHi+mV6rXdq8ebwNvtneN9yMfIx+uz26fZ74Wvlm++3xf+dn6Cf2O+r1nubPms075Y/5B/mX+HQFqAfEBmwMeBhoGZgTWBw4GOQXNDToVTAgOC14TfCtEN4QTUhcyGOoSOj/0bBg1LDZsc9ijcMtwYXhLBBoRGrE24n6kSaQgsikKRIVErY16EG0WPTP6t8nEydGTqyY/jbGLmRdzIZYeOyN2b+y7OL+4VXH34s3jxfFtCcoJUxPqEt4n+idWJPYkTUyan3QlWTuZn9ycQkpJSNmdMjQlYMr6KX1TnaaWTr05zWza7GmXpmtPz5l+fIbyDPaMw6mE1MTUvamf2VHsGvZQWkhaddogh8XZwHnJ9eGu4/bzPHkVvGfpnukV6c8zPDPWZvRnemdWZg7wWfzN/NdZwVnbst5nR2XvyR7JScw5kEvOTc09JlATZAvO5unlzc7ryrfKL83vmek+c/3MQWGYcLcIEU0TNReow2tOu9hc/JO4t9CrsKrww6yEWYdnq84WzG6fYzln+ZxnRYFFv8zF53Lmts0zmLd4Xu983/k7FiAL0ha0LTRaWLKwb1HQotrFlMXZi38vti2uKH67JHFJS4luyaKSxz8F/VRfqlQqLL211GPptmX4Mv6yjuUOyzct/1rGLbtcblteWf55BWfF5Z/tft7488jK9JUdq5xXbV1NXC1YfXON95raCtWKoorHayPWNq5jritb93b9jPWXKh0rt22gbBBv6NkYvrF5k/Gm1Zs+b87cfKPKr+pAtU718ur3W7hburf6bG3YprutfNun7fztt3cE7WisMa2p3EncWbjz6a6EXRd+cf2lbrf27vLdX/YI9vTUxtSerXOpq9urs3dVPVovru/fN3Vf537//c0N1g07DjAOlB8EB8UHX/ya+uvNQ2GH2g67Hm44YnKk+ij9aFkj0jincbAps6mnObm561josbYWj5ajv9n8tqfVoLXquMbxVScoJ0pOjJwsOjl0Kv/UwOmM04/bZrTdO5N05vrZyWc7zoWdu3g+8PyZC74XTl70vNh6yf3Sscuul5uuOF9pbHdqP/q70+9HO5w7Gq+6XG3udOts6ZrUdaLbu/v0Nf9r56+HXL9yI/JG1834m7dvTb3Vc5t7+/mdnDuv7xbeHb636D7hftkDlQeVD3Ue1vzD4h8Hepx7jvf697Y/in107zHn8csnoief+0qe0p5WPtN/Vvfc/nlrf2B/54spL/pe5r8cHij9Q/WP6lfmr4786fNn+2DSYN9r4euRv1a80Xqz563j27ah6KGH73LfDb8v+6D1ofaj68cLnxI/PRue9Zn0eeMXiy8tX8O+3h/JHRnJZwvZ0qsABhuang7AX3sAoCUDQO+E9wcl2dtLKojsvShF4D9h2ftMKs4ANMBOcuVmnQLgIGxmENMWASC5esf5ANTBYazJRZTuYC+LRYUvGMKHkZE3ugCQWgD4IhwZGd4yMvJlFyR7B4BTM2VvPokQ4f1+u6MEdTNmLwI/yD8Bd0Rs573ioiIAAAAJcEhZcwAAFiUAABYlAUlSJPAAAAGcaVRYdFhNTDpjb20uYWRvYmUueG1wAAAAAAA8eDp4bXBtZXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjQuMCI+CiAgIDxyZGY6UkRGIHhtbG5zOnJkZj0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS8wMi8yMi1yZGYtc3ludGF4LW5zIyI+CiAgICAgIDxyZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24gcmRmOmFib3V0PSIiCiAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOmV4aWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20vZXhpZi8xLjAvI
Question 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 />
Question 5Based on your background reading about the Wittig reaction, propose a synthesis of the phosphorane used in this experiment, starting with triphenylphosphine and whatever other commercially available reactants and reagents you choose.
Question 6The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction is a commonly used variant of the Wittig reaction. What feature of this reaction, shown below, is particularly useful compared with the Wittig reaction? Hint: Consider the structure of the product(s).
Question 7A researcher used column chromatography to separate two compounds. The desired compound, which was quite valuable, had an Rf approximately equal to 0.5. Two-mL fractions were collected, giving the TLC results shown below. Based on these results, explain what the researcher needs to do to maximize recovery of the desired compound, including the use of additional separations.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)