Author Question: Provide an example of a phase-transfer catalyst other than the one used in this ... (Read 25 times)

biggirl4568

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Provide an example of a phase-transfer catalyst other than the one used in this experiment.

Question 2

Identify each of the following reactions as an oxidative addition or reductive elimination.
 
Question 3

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Question 4

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Question 5

Based on your background reading about the Wittig reaction, propose a synthesis of the phosphorane used in this experiment, starting with triphenylphosphine and whatever other commercially available reactants and reagents you choose.

Question 6

The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction is a commonly used variant of the Wittig reaction. What feature of this reaction, shown below, is particularly useful compared with the Wittig reaction? Hint: Consider the structure of the product(s).
 

Question 7

A researcher used column chromatography to separate two compounds. The desired compound, which was quite valuable, had an Rf approximately equal to 0.5. Two-mL fractions were collected, giving the TLC results shown below. Based on these results, explain what the researcher needs to do to maximize recovery of the desired compound, including the use of additional separations.



katara

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Answer to Question 1

Tetraoctylammonium bromide is just one of many possibilities.

Answer to Question 2



Answer to Question 3



Answer to Question 4

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Answer to Question 5

One example is shown below.

Answer to Question 6

The phosphorus-containing product is water soluble, allowing for the separation of the alkene from the reaction mixture by a simple aqueous extraction.

Answer to Question 7



Answer to Question 8

First combine fractions 6-10 and then evaporate off the solvent to isolate the compound. Combine fractions 3-5, evaporate off the solvent and add this mixture to a new column. In addition, one could collect smaller fractions or use a more non-polar solvent system to more effectively separate these two compounds.

Answer to Question 9

If product were dissolved in the eluent when elution began, it would result in the continuous addition of product to the column throughout the separation. This would lead to little or no separation of the product(s).



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