What is the "reverse causality" problem in determining cause and effect?
◦ It is a problem that occurs when one concludes that a change in variable
X caused a change in variable
Y when in actual fact, it is a change in variable
Z that caused a change in variable
Y.
◦ It is a problem that occurs when one observes that a change in variable
X caused a change in variable
Y which caused a change in variable Z and concludes that a change in variable
X caused a change in variable
Z.◦ It is a problem that occurs when one concludes that a change in variable
X caused a change in variable
Y when in actual fact, it is a change in variable
Y that caused a change in variable
X. ◦ It is a problem that arises when two variables are inter-connected so that a change in variable
X causes a change in variable
Y, and a change in variable
Y causes a change in variable
X.
The mechanism of maternal effect in snail coiling.
Effect of Zero Gravity on Cosmonaut's Body.
Drugs and their effect table
Math problem
Problem
Use of forward and reverse genetics to determine gene function