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There are major differences in the metabolism of morphine and the illegal drug heroin. Morphine mostly produces its CNS effects through m-receptors, and at k- and d-receptors. Heroin has a slight affinity for opiate receptors. Most of its actions are due to metabolism to active metabolites (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, and morphine-6-glucuronide).
Patients who have undergone chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer often complain of a lack of mental focus; memory loss; and a general diminution in abilities such as multitasking, attention span, and general mental agility.
When blood is exposed to air, it clots. Heparin allows the blood to come in direct contact with air without clotting.
Medication errors are three times higher among children and infants than with adults.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.