Answer to Question 1
In order to establish causality, three conditions must be present. First, if A is the causal variable under question, then A the cause and B the effect variables must be correlated. Second, A must precede B in time. Third, other potential causal variables, C, must be ruled out.
Answer to Question 2
Different types of research designs each can contribute different things to our understanding of causal relationships. A type of study called a cross-sectional design observes several cohorts (groups with similar defining characteristics) by taking a snapshot of them at a given point in time whereas longitudinal designs track cohorts over time taking multiple snapshots.
Plant adaptations for salty conditions.
Unique communities may result from distinct environmental conditions.
The term wasp is typically defined as any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that
Everyday situations sometimes present opportunities for children to build information processing ...
Circular clockwise pattern. Gently lay a hand on the abdomen to establish contact. Apply effleurage ...
How to choose the right payment plan with changing conditions (Question 1)