Answer to Question 1
In order to establish causality, three conditions must be present. First, if A is the causal variable under question, then A the cause and B the effect variables must be correlated. Second, A must precede B in time. Third, other potential causal variables, C, must be ruled out.
Answer to Question 2
Different types of research designs each can contribute different things to our understanding of causal relationships. A type of study called a cross-sectional design observes several cohorts (groups with similar defining characteristics) by taking a snapshot of them at a given point in time whereas longitudinal designs track cohorts over time taking multiple snapshots.
The heme group is present in myoglobin, hemoglobin, and many other proteins
For this bimolecular reaction, the rate constant k is second order
Stand behind the recipient. Lay your hands on the shoulders to establish contact. Squeeze the ...
Determining the order and rate constant of an irreversible first-order reaction
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