Author Question: A 50-year-old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by: a. fibrosis ... (Read 50 times)

scienceeasy · **on:** Jun 25, 2018

A 50-year-old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by:

a. fibrosis of the lower third of the esopha-gus.
b. sympathetic nerve stimulation.
c. loss of muscle tone at the lower esophage-al sphincter.
d. reverse peristalsis of the stomach.

Question 2

Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. This condition is referred to as:

a. ileocecal obstruction.
b. hiatal hernia.
c. pyloric obstruction.
d. hiatal obstruction.

karmakat49 · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 25, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Gastroesophageal reflux is due to loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter. The resting tone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tends to be lower than normal from either transient relaxation or weakness of the sphincter. Gastroesophageal reflux is not due to fibrosis, stimulation of sympathetic nerves, or reverse peristalsis.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
The pylorus is the opening between the esophagus and the duodenum; the obstruction is pyloric. Ileocecal obstruction is in the small intestine. Hiatal hernia is related to the esophagus. Hiatal ob-struction is related to the esophagus.