Answer to Question 1
C
Feedback:
The traditional treatment of gastroesophageal reflux is to feed infants a formula thickened with rice cereal. The baby should be held in an upright position and then kept upright in an infant chair for 1 hour after feeding so gravity can help prevent reflux. Medication for gastroesophageal reflux is prescribed daily and not before each feeding.
Answer to Question 2
C
Feedback:
With vomiting, a great deal of hydrochloric acid is lost. When Cl ions are lost this way, the body has to decrease the number of H+ ions present so the number of positive and negative charges remains balanced. This causes the child to develop alkalosis. The lungs attempt to conserve carbon dioxide and water by slowing respirations. Overhydration generally occurs in children who are receiving IV fluid, ingestion of large quantities of tap water, or through the use of tap water enemas. Metabolic acidosis is more closely associated with diarrhea. Hypertonic dehydration occurs when water is lost in a greater proportion than electrolytes. This might occur in a child with nausea, fever, and profuse diarrhea.
Examples of intervention and associated nursing activities
To check pupillary reflexes the nurse first holds the penlight
Hydrocephalus in an Infant
To clear an obstructed airway in an infant (A) use chest thrusts followed by (B) back blows.
Infant formula is available in several forms and varies in cost and ingredients
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations with Infant and Child Patients