Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
G6PD is required to regenerate reduced glutathione in the red cell. Reduced glutathione is essential to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which is necessary to prevent oxidative damage to the red cell.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
The G6PD gene has the greatest degree of variability in the human genome; this results in multiple clinical variants. The gene is found on the X chromosome, so it is only rarely clinically expressed in heterozygous female subjects who have one normal X chromosome. However, they can be shown to have varying numbers of G6PD-deficient red cells. The normal enzyme is called G6PD B. G6PD A contains one mutation so that its electrophoretic pattern is different, but it is a benign change.