A nurse teaches clients about the difference between urge ...

[futuristic]

A nurse teaches clients about the difference between urge incontinence and stress incontinence. Which statements should the nurse include in this education? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Urge incontinence involves a post-void residual volume less than 50 mL.
  b. Stress incontinence occurs due to weak pelvic floor muscles.
  c. Stress incontinence usually occurs in people with dementia.
  d. Urge incontinence can be managed by increasing fluid intake.
  e. Urge incontinence occurs due to abnormal bladder contractions.

Question 2

A nurse assesses a client with a fungal urinary tract infection (UTI). Which assessments should the nurse complete? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Palpate the kidneys and bladder.
  b. Assess the medical history and current medical problems.
  c. Perform a bladder scan to assess post-void residual.
  d. Inquire about recent travel to foreign countries.
  e. Obtain a current list of medications.

[Anna]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B, E
Clients who suffer from stress incontinence have weak pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter and cannot tighten their urethra sufficiently to overcome the increased detrusor pressure. Stress incontinence is common after childbirth, when the pelvic muscles are stretched and weakened from pregnancy and delivery. Urge incontinence occurs in people who cannot suppress the contraction signal from the detrusor muscle. Abnormal detrusor contractions may be a result of neurologic abnormalities including dementia, or may occur with no known abnormality. Post-void residual is associated with reflex incontinence, not with urge incontinence or stress incontinence. Management of urge incontinence includes decreasing fluid intake, especially in the evening hours.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B, E
Clients who are severely immunocompromised or who have diabetes mellitus are more prone to fungal UTIs. The nurse should assess for these factors by asking about medical history, current medical problems, and the current medication list. A physical examination and a post-void residual may be needed, but not until further information is obtained indicating that these examinations are necessary. Travel to foreign countries probably would not be important because, even if exposed, the client needs some degree of compromised immunity to develop a fungal UTI.