Answer to Question 1
Take advantage of synergies in operations: increase overall sales, reduce operating costs, lower costs of capital. Mutual acquisition of skilled managers, as each of the businesses may have skilled personnel that the other doesn't possess. Take advantage of favorable tax consequences. Increase market power so as to enhance economic profits. Diversify to reduce business risk. Increase the compensation of top executives, although this often is at the expense of stockholders and other employees.
Answer to Question 2
Natural monopolies occur when there are large cost economies of scale such that one producer can operate in the declining range of average cost while meeting the entire market demand for a product. In these situations it is more economical to have only one producer of the product, since production costs will be lower and the product can be profitably sold at lower prices than if there were several or more producers. Thus, the economy would benefit from having only one producer, but this would permit the producer to earn monopoly profits from lack of competition. Therefore, government should permit only one producer but regulate its operations, including selling prices, so that it doesn't exploit its monopoly position.
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