Reduction of preload and afterload is important in the management ...

[mp14]

Reduction of preload and afterload is important in the management of which of the following?
 
  a. Pulmonary embolism
  b. Dynamic hyperinflation
  c. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
  d. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 2

An increased arterial-to-end-tidal partial pressure CO2 gradient can help identify which of the following?
 
  a. Pulmonary embolism
  b. Dynamic hyperinflation
  c. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
  d. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

[zhanghao]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and heart failure often can be managed successfully with medica-tions that reduce preload, increase contractility, and reduce afterload; such medications include furosemide (Lasix), digoxin (Lanoxin), enalaprilat (Vasotec), and morphine.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Capnographic findings can provide a clue to the presence of a PE. A decrease in the end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) value compared with previous readings and a widening of the arteri-al-to-end-tidal partial pressure CO2 gradient (Pa-etCO2) may suggest the presence of an embolus.

[mp14]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[dyrone]

Excellent