To effectively teach the client about cross tolerance and ...

[ishan]

To effectively teach the client about cross tolerance and alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates,
  the nurse must understand that these drugs act on the
 
  a. dopamine system.
  b. ?-aminobutyric acid system.
  c. opioid system.
  d. serotonin system.

Question 2

A 10-year-old child, who has been placed in a foster home after being removed from parental
  contact because of abuse, demonstrates a high level of apprehension and overreaction to
  environmental stimuli.
 
  The foster parents ask the nurse what measures they can use to help the child.
  The nurse should recommend (more than one answer may be correct)
  A. using a calm manner and low voice.
  B. avoiding repetition in what is said to the child.
  C. structuring and maintaining simplicity in the environment.
  D. minimizing opportunities for exercise and play.
  E. explaining and reinforcing reality to avoid distortions.

[shaquita]

Answer to Question 1

B
The nurse must be able to explain that alcohol and other CNS depressants act on ?-aminobutyric acid
receptors. Because the receptor sites are the same for each of these classes of drugs, cross tolerance
and cross addiction readily occur. Clients need this information to avoid the pitfalls of inappropriate
medication usage. Option A: This system is affected by neuroleptics. Option B: This system is
affected by opioids and synthetic opioids. Option D: This system is affected by selected
antidepressant medication.

Answer to Question 2

ANS:
A, C, E
Rationale: The child can be hypothesized to have moderate to severe trait (chronic) anxiety. A calm
manner will calm the child. A simple, structured, predictable environment is less anxiety provoking
and will reduce overreaction to stimuli. Calm, simple explanations that reinforce reality validate the
environment. Option B: Repetition is often needed when the individual is unable to concentrate
because of elevated levels of anxiety. Option D: Opportunities for play and exercise should be
provided as avenues to reduce anxiety. Physical movement helps channel and lower anxiety. Play
helps by allowing the child to act out concerns.

[ishan]

Wow, this really help

[nanny]

Excellent