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For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
The toxic levels for lithium carbonate are close to the therapeutic levels. Signs of toxicity include fine hand tremor, polyuria, mild thirst, nausea, general discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscular weakness, lack of coordination, ataxia, giddiness, tinnitus, and blurred vision.
Egg cells are about the size of a grain of sand. They are formed inside of a female's ovaries before she is even born.
More than 2,500 barbiturates have been synthesized. At the height of their popularity, about 50 were marketed for human use.
The Romans did not use numerals to indicate fractions but instead used words to indicate parts of a whole.