Answer to Question 1
C
Evidence-based practices (EBP) guide nurses and other health care providers in making effective, timely, and appropriate clinical decisions. Nurses and other health care providers can no longer accept and practice the status quo. Greater attention must be given to why certain health care ap-proaches are used, which ones work, and which ones do not. Hypotheses are predictions made about the relationship among study variables (e.g., characteristics or traits that vary among sub-jects). An example of a research question is: Does the use of chlorhexidine 2 compared with povidone-iodine reduce CLABSI in patients with CVCs? Within that question the author is stud-ying the variables (independent) of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine solutions as they affect the outcome (dependent variable) of CLABSI in patients. Peer review is the practice of nurses evaluating nurses. A peer-reviewed article is one submitted for publication and reviewed by a panel of experts familiar with the topic or subject matter of the article. When you implement a practice change, you sometimes want to monitor whether or not the process or protocol was im-plemented. This requires a process measurement. The nurse has not implemented kangaroo care (only reviewed literature), so there is no need for a process measurement.
Answer to Question 2
B
When clients cannot or will not take food by mouth, but their gastrointestinal tracts are working, they are given enteral feedings.
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
The overlapping relationship among research, evidence-based practice
Examples of indirect care
Nurse collaboration
Nursing care plan - risk for infection
After the death of a loved one, family members report concerns about last place of care.