Answer to Question 1
Children today lead different lives than their parents or grandparents. Children used to play outside for hours on end, coming inside only to receive nourishment. Now neighborhoods may be less safe and outside play is limited. The walks to school have been replaced by car or bus rides. Gym class and after school sports activities have been subject to program cuts. Researchers know that only 42 of children ages 6-11 obtain the recommended 60 minutes per day of physical activity and only 8 of adolescents achieve this goal. Afternoons and evenings are filled with screen time-TV, video games, the Internet, and texting. The average media time a day for a child is 7.5 hours. Rushed families no longer cook as many freshly prepared meals. Snacking between meals is now the norm and pantries become fair game at any time. Portion sizes have grown and more and more families are eating away from home. Researchers have used the term toxic to describe the food environment in America.
Answer to Question 2
When peristalsis returns, ice chips may be given. If the ice is tolerated, a clear-liquid diet can follow. In the first 24 hours, intravenous fluids supply nutrition, vitamins, electrolytes, and dextrose. In normal cases, when peristalsis returns, the diet is advanced to a full liquid diet; a soft or, dependent on the type of surgery, a low-residue diet will precede a return to the regular diet.
Play in Four Cultures Across cultures, play is the most common activity in early childhood. Source:
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