Discuss the relationship of weight and body fat in females. How ...

[fagboi]

Discuss the relationship of weight and body fat in females. How can being very underweight or being very overweight affect fertility?

Question 2

Individuals likely to be in negative nitrogen balance include all of the following except:
 
 a. people who have burns.
  b. individuals who are starving.
  c. individuals who are pregnant.
  d. people with serious injuries.

[coreycathey]

Answer to Question 1

In normal-weight women, weight loss that exceeds approximately 1015 percent of usual weight decreases estrogen, LH, and FSH concentrations. Consequences of these hormonal changes include amenorrhea, anovulatory cycles, and short or absent luteal phases. It is estimated that about 30 percent of cases of impaired fertility are related to simple weight loss. Hormone levels tend to return to normal when weight is restored to within 95 percent of previous weight. Weight gain is the recommended first-line treatment for amenorrhea related to low body weight.
Obese women tend to have higher levels of estrogen, androgens, and leptin than nonobese women. These hormonal changes favor the development of menstrual-cycle irregularity (it occurs in 30 to 47 percent of overweight and obese women), ovulatory failure and anovulatory cycles, and amenorrhea. Loss of body fat is related to improvements in hormone levels, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and conception rates in both men and women.

Answer to Question 2

c