Answer to Question 1
Stage 1: complex molecules are broken down into their fundamental building blocks.
glycogenolysis glycogen glucose
proteolysis protein amino acids
lipolysis triglycerides fatty acids and glycerol molecules
Stage 2: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol enter specific pathways in which each is converted into an intermediate product that can enter the citric acid cycle.
Stage 3: intermediate products formed during Stage 2 enter the citric acid cycle and are broken down further to form carbon dioxide, releasing energy in the process. Much of the energy released during Stage 3 of metabolism is transferred to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD, forming NADH + H+ and FADH2, respectively. In addition, small amounts of ATP are formed via substrate phosphorylation.
Stage 4: begins when NADH + H+ and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain. The energy-yielding pathways of oxidative phosphorylation operate in nearly all cells to produce energy for cellular activities.
Answer to Question 2
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The major classes of vertebrates
Overview of development of embryonic stages.
Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart layers, and major blood vessels as
Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates
Major steps in the coagulation cascade
Protein catabolism - Krebs cycle