Answer to Question 1
Stage 1: complex molecules are broken down into their fundamental building blocks.
glycogenolysis glycogen glucose
proteolysis protein amino acids
lipolysis triglycerides fatty acids and glycerol molecules
Stage 2: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol enter specific pathways in which each is converted into an intermediate product that can enter the citric acid cycle.
Stage 3: intermediate products formed during Stage 2 enter the citric acid cycle and are broken down further to form carbon dioxide, releasing energy in the process. Much of the energy released during Stage 3 of metabolism is transferred to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD, forming NADH + H+ and FADH2, respectively. In addition, small amounts of ATP are formed via substrate phosphorylation.
Stage 4: begins when NADH + H+ and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain. The energy-yielding pathways of oxidative phosphorylation operate in nearly all cells to produce energy for cellular activities.
Answer to Question 2
c
Inhibition and facilitation of spruce during the major successional stages at Glacier Bay, Alaska (d
Key stages of meiosis and mitosis
Pyruvate as a key juncture in catabolism.
Posterior view of the Heart, outlining the major arteries
The crude oil refining showing most of the major steps and processes.
Earth’s Major Lithospheric Plates