This topic contains a solution. Click here to go to the answer
« previous next »

Author Question: Explain Mrs. Smith's diagnosis: Stage IIB Invasive Ductal Carcinoma T2N1miM0 . Specifically discuss ... (Read 34 times)

Arii_bell

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 596
on: Aug 21, 2018
Explain Mrs. Smith's diagnosis: Stage IIB Invasive Ductal Carcinoma T2N1miM0 . Specifically discuss the type of breast cancer and the staging of her diagnosis.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

What are the risk factors for developing breast cancer? Explain potential genetic and environmental risk factors. Does Mrs. Smith have any of these in her history?
 
  What will be an ideal response?


Related Topics

Need homework help now?

Ask unlimited questions for free

Ask a Question
Marked as best answer by a Subject Expert

anyusername12131

  • Sr. Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 327
Reply #1 on: Aug 21, 2018
Answer to Question 1

 This means that her breast cancer originated in the mammary ducts and is spreading.
 Stage IIB means that the cancer is either T2, N1, M0 or T3, N0, M0
 The T2 indicates that the primary tumor site is 2-5 cm
 The N1mi indicates that the cancer has spread to 1-3 axillary lymph nodes and are micrometastases (< 2mm)
 M0 indicates that no distant metastasis has been found (via imaging or physical exam)

Answer to Question 2

 Risk factors for breast cancer:
- Female
- Age (increases with age)
- Adult height (increased risk in taller individuals)
- Larger birth weight
- Family history of cancer
- Late menopause
- Early menarche
- Exposure of radiation to chest (for younger females)
- Hormone replacement therapy (progestin > 5 yrs)
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene
- Central adiposity in postmenopausal women
 Yes, Mrs. Smith has some risk factors: family history of breast cancer (mom and sister), female, and older age (61 yrs).


Arii_bell

  • Member
  • Posts: 596
Reply 2 on: Aug 21, 2018
Gracias!

amandanbreshears

  • Member
  • Posts: 320
Reply 3 on: Yesterday
Great answer, keep it coming :)

« previous next »
 

Did you know?

Vaccines prevent between 2.5 and 4 million deaths every year.

Did you know?

There are 20 feet of blood vessels in each square inch of human skin.

Did you know?

A serious new warning has been established for pregnant women against taking ACE inhibitors during pregnancy. In the study, the risk of major birth defects in children whose mothers took ACE inhibitors during the first trimester was nearly three times higher than in children whose mothers didn't take ACE inhibitors. Physicians can prescribe alternative medications for pregnant women who have symptoms of high blood pressure.

Did you know?

Liver spots have nothing whatsoever to do with the liver. They are a type of freckles commonly seen in older adults who have been out in the sun without sufficient sunscreen.

Did you know?

A recent study has found that following a diet rich in berries may slow down the aging process of the brain. This diet apparently helps to keep dopamine levels much higher than are seen in normal individuals who do not eat berries as a regular part of their diet as they enter their later years.

Common invasive species in the Adelaide Hills: Olive, Artichoke thistle, Fennel and Bamboo Common invasive species in the Adelaide Hills: Olive, Artichoke thistle, Fennel and Bamboo
Course of infection by stage Course of infection by stage
This engraving of the Boston Massacre (1770) became the most reprinted depiction of the event, and p This engraving of the Boston Massacre (1770) became the most reprinted depiction of the event, and p
Kiki Smith, Bird Skeleton. Kiki Smith, Bird Skeleton.
Mahatma Gandhi and Corrie ten Boom exemplified Kohlberg’s stage 6 moral thinking. They devoted ... Mahatma Gandhi and Corrie ten Boom exemplified Kohlberg’s stage 6 moral thinking. They devoted ...
Formation of membrane attack stage of complement. C3b containing structures (see above) on the ... Formation of membrane attack stage of complement. C3b containing structures (see above) on the ...
Video: Protein Secondary and Tertiary Structures - Animation

For a complete list of videos, visit our video library