Answer to Question 1
Answer:
1) Proximity is the physical closeness of individuals.
2) Proximity produces repeated exposures.
3) Repeated exposure, even to a mildly negative stimulus, results in increasingly positive evaluations.
4) This is sometimes called the mere exposure effect.
5) This process can function without conscious awareness of the exposure.
6) The concept of proximity can be used a) to meet people in social settings, and b) to design buildings to encourage or discourage interactions.
Answer to Question 2
Answer:
Answers should include the following elements:
1) Direct effect.
- positive emotions directly produce increased attraction.
- negative emotions directly produced decreased attraction.
2) Associated (indirect) effect.
- positive emotion (from any cause) becomes associated with a person (classical conditioning), which, in turn, increases attraction.
- negative emotion (from any cause) becomes associated with a person (classical conditioning), which, in turn, decreases attraction.
3) If a negative emotion is strong enough, it may overcome any positive emotion present and/or cause disliking/repulsion.
4) Positive or negative affect can be due to any cause, as long as it is (or becomes) associated with a person through classical conditioning.
The enhancement effect observed by Emerson.
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