Jim dives into the water to help his drowning sister; Ivan dives into the water to help a total stranger because he wanted to impress his new girlfriend and is a trained lifeguard.
Jim's motive to help is best explained by ________, while Ivan's motive to help is best explained by ________.
a. evolutionary theory; kin selection
b. evolutionary theory; social exchange theory
c. social exchange theory; empathy-altruism hypothesis
d. kin selection; empathy-altruism hypothesis
Question 2
You know that Susan is a very helpful person. She spends many hours each week volunteering at a local homeless shelter; she donates a lot of money to charities,
and she is always the first person to volunteer to organize something when your group of friends wants to get together. According to the research on the altruistic personality, you ________ that Susan would help carry a neighbor's groceries if the situation arose because ________.
a. can be very sure; individual differences in personality are the most reliable predictors of prosocial behavior
b. can be very sure; anyone would help in this situation
c. cannot be sure; personality is not necessarily the most reliable predictor of prosocial behavior
d. cannot be sure; very few people help others in today's society
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