Answer to Question 1
Children say they depend heavily on friends for companionship, support, and approval.
There are gender differences and gender stereotypes.
Rejection occurs.
Friendships are built up from a history of successful social interactions.
Harry Stack Sullivan suggested that friendships give children a chance to relate to one another as equals and contribute to childrens self-esteem.
Friends who engage in conflict or aggression can have a negative impact on each other.
Answer to Question 2
Teen parents and single parents in general face a number of difficulties that lead to problems in child behavior, stemming from their young age, and lack of emotional and cognitive maturity.
Several factors worsen the effects of single mothering, including: living in poverty, having a low educational level, lacking social support (e.g., from family members).
One factor that can improve outcomes is the presence of extended family.
Outcomes are also fairly positive among older single mothers (e.g., in their 30s) who are financially well-off and well-educated.
However, they too have difficulties in raising children when stress levels are high and benefit from social support of family and others.
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