Which of the following statements does NOT apply to an ectopic ...

[penza]

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to an ectopic pregnancy?
 
  A. It is usually associated with a missed menstrual period.
  B. A patient who has had a previous ectopic pregnancy in one tube is at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in the opposite tube.
  C. It occurs frequently in women using oral contraceptive pills.
  D. It is usually associated with a positive pregnancy test.

Question 2

Explain the interaction of stress and the endocrine system.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[aloop]

Answer to Question 1

C

Answer to Question 2

Stress is defined as any event that disturbs the stable internal environment. In the presence of stress, the body reacts in two ways as initiated by the hypothalamus via the pituitary gland: (1) acute, short-term response, or fear-fight-flight reaction mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, and (2) chronic, longer-term response via the endocrine glands with the adrenal cortex playing a major role. The short-term response is characterized by the increased production of norepinephrine from the nerve endings and also from the medulla. This results in an increase in heart rate, glucose level, and blood pressure. The long-term response is characterized by the increased production of cortisol, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones. The increase in these hormones affects glucose, protein, and fat metabolism accompanied by the decreased inflammatory and immune system response, increased blood pressure and metabolic rate, increased aldosterone resulting in salt and water retention, and a decrease in gonadal function that may result in stress-related cessation of menstrual period.