When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor ...

[xroflmao]

When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers?
 
  a. Family genetics
  b. Lifestyle choices
  c. Environmental stressors
  d. Emotional coping skills

Question 2

A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this dis-ease is associated with:
 
  a. penetrance of a trait.
  b. recurrence risk.
  c. expressivity.
  d. delayed age of onset.

[Sophiapenny]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Environmental stressors can markedly increase the risk of aberrant epigenetic modification and are strongly associated with some cancers. While genetics, lifestyle choices, and coping skills can affect the development and management of cancer, they are not currently considered as being the primary factors in the epigenetic modification that occurs.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
A key feature of Huntington disease is its delayed age of onset such that symptoms are not seen until 40 years of age or later. The penetrance of a trait is the percentage of individuals with a spe-cific genotype who also exhibit the expected phenotype. Recurrence risk is the percentage of family members who will inherit the disease. Expressivity is the extent of variation in phenotype associated with a particular genotype.