You are volunteering in the medical tent of a road race on a hot, ...

[ts19998]

You are volunteering in the medical tent of a road race on a hot, humid day. A runner who has collapsed on the road is brought in with the following symptoms: sunken eyes, a body temperature of 100 F, and a complaint of dizziness while sitting to have his
 
  These are signs of a fluid volume deficit. Which of the following treatments should be carried out first?
  A)
  Offer water by mouth.
  B)
  Begin cooling of his body by ice packs.
  C)
  Give him a transfusion of FFP.
  D)
  Give him an electrolyte solution by mouth.

Question 2

A client has been diagnosed with having calcium oxalate kidney stones following intravenous pyelography. Which of the following teaching points about the treatment of the health problem are justifiable? Select all that apply.
 
  A)
  You may need to cut out cocoa, chocolate, and some nuts from your diet.
  B)
  It's important that you avoid high-calcium foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt.
  C)
  We will come up with a plan to safely limit your fluid intake over the next few weeks.
  D)
  Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy treatment may be used to fragment larger stones.
  E)
  Most likely your stones can be dissolved by medications over the next several days.

[dellikani2015]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
D

Feedback:

Fluid volume deficit results in postural hypotension (dizziness while upright) due to decreased blood volume. Sunken eyes and elevated temperature also point to a fluid volume deficit. The most important action to take is to replace fluid; however, pure water would be a mistake, since without accompanying electrolytes such as sodium, hyponatremia (water retention and a decrease in serum osmolality) could result. Thus, an oral electrolyte solution is recommended; in more severe cases, an IV would be appropriate.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
A, D

Feedback:

Individuals with calcium oxalate stones often need to avoid high-oxalate foods like nuts, cocoa, and chocolate. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy treatment may be used to fragment larger renal calculi. It would not be necessary to avoid calcium intake, and fluid intake should encouraged, not curbed. Medications can reduce the potential for stone formation but are not a common treatment modality.

[ts19998]

Thank you

[dellikani2015]

No problemo