A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium ...

[sarasara]

A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces?
 
  A)
  She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit.
  B)
  She is prone to isotonic fluid volume excess.
  C)
  She could develop third-spacing edema as a result of plasma protein losses.
  D)
  She is at risk of compensatory fluid volume overload secondary to gastrointestinal water and electrolyte losses.

Question 2

A 68-year-old woman with a new onset of vascular dementia has recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to currently occur as a result of her urinary retention?
 
  A)
  Hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall thickness
  B)
  Decreased urine production and nitrogenous waste excretion by the kidneys
  C)
  Decompensation, bladder stretching, and high residual urine volume
  D)
  Overflow incontinence and loss of contraction power

[tofugiraffe]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
A

Feedback:

This woman is at risk of isotonic fluid volume deficit and sodium imbalances as a result of her diarrhea. She is not likely to develop fluid volume excess or third spacing as consequences of diarrhea.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
A

Feedback:

Early accompaniments to urinary retention include hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased thickness of the bladder wall. Renal effects are unlikely, and decompensation and loss of contraction power are most often later rather than early effects.

[sarasara]

TYSM

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