During a routine physical exam for a patient diagnosed with ...

[CBme]

During a routine physical exam for a patient diagnosed with hypertension, the nurse practitioner will be most concerned if which of the following assessments are found?
 
  A)
  Noted hemorrhages and microaneurysms during evaluation of the internal eye
  B)
  Unable to feel vibrations when a tuning fork is placed on the skull
  C)
  Inability to locate the kidneys with deep palpation to the abdomen
  D)
  Slight increase in the number of varicose veins noted bilaterally

Question 2

When trying to educate a patient about the release of free radicals and the role they play in formation of atherosclerosis, which of the following statements is most accurate?
 
  A)
  The end result of oxidation is rupture of the plaque resulting in hemorrhage.
  B)
  Activated cells that release free radicals oxidize LDL, which is harmful to the lining of your blood vessels.
  C)
  Oxidized free radicals produce toxic metabolic waste that can kill liver cells.
  D)
  Activated cells roam in the vascular system looking for inflammatory cells to engulf.

[juliaf]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
A

Feedback:

Hypertension affects the eye in sometimes devastating ways. If there are acute increases in BP, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and hard exudates can manifest. Vibrations relate to hearing loss. The kidneys should not be palpable to touch. Varicose veins are not associated with hypertension.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
B

Feedback:

Activated macrophages release free radicals that oxidize LDL. Oxidized LDL is toxic to the endothelium, causing endothelial loss and exposure of the subendothelial tissue to the blood components. This leads to platelet adhesion and aggregation and fibrin deposition.