A 31-year-old male has been newly diagnosed with early-onset ...

[Caiter2013]

A 31-year-old male has been newly diagnosed with early-onset Parkinson disease. As the nurse is educating the patient and family, they ask how this happened so early in his life.
 
  The nurse will base the response on which of the following statements listed below?
  A)
  No one really knows why some patients get this diagnosis in their 30s, while others are in their 50s before they begin to have symptoms.
  B)
  Sometimes exposure to too much ultraviolet radiation causes changes in your gene sequencing and therefore mutations occur.
  C)
  Disruption in some proteins called molecular chaperones causes intracellular molecules to become denatured and insoluble leading to clumping and the development of inclusion bodies.
  D)
  Gene repression is a process by which a regulatory gene acts to reduce or prevent gene expression, thereby confusing the negative feedback mechanisms that could prevent disease formation.

Question 2

A home health nurse is making a visit to a family with an 8-month-old infant with severe motor deterioration. The physician has diagnosed the infant with Tay-Sachs disease.
 
  The parents are asking the nurse why this happened. The nurse will base her answer knowing the root cause of Tay-Sachs is
  A)
  high exposure to lead in the home environment.
  B)
  an enzyme defect causing abnormal lipid accumulation in the brain.
  C)
  hypoxia caused by placing the infant on their abdomen during sleep.
  D)
  an increase in bilirubin retention leading to destruction of RBCs.

[raili21]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
C

Feedback:

An international project was charged with developing genetic and physical maps that allowed the precise location of genes and with exploring technologies that would enable the sequencing of large amounts of DNA with high accuracy and low cost. It is still undergoing experimental testing. The function of a chaperone is to assist a newly synthesized polypeptide chain to attain a functional conformation as a new protein and then assist the protein's arrival at the site in the cell where the protein carries out its function. Disruption of chaperoning mechanisms causes intracellular molecules to become denatured and insoluble. These denatured proteins tend to stick to one another, precipitate, and form inclusion bodies. The development of inclusion bodies is a common pathologic process in Parkinson's. Gene repression is a process by which a regulatory gene acts to reduce or prevent gene expression.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
B

Feedback:

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder resulting from an enzyme defect that results in abnormal lipid accumulation in the brain and other tissues. Lead exposure, hypoxia, and bilirubin retention are not associated with Tay-Sachs disease.