Which of the following statements is true regarding phobia? A. ...

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Which of the following statements is true regarding phobia?
 
  A. The anxiety associated with phobia is out of proportion to the actual danger or threat in the situation
  B. Diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms for at least a 6-month duration
  C. Persons with phobias have apprehension of a future attack, which is referred to as anticipatory anxiety
  D. A and B

Question 2

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, a common obsession:
 
  A. Is that of contamination and washing or avoidance of a particular object that is contaminated
  B. Involves repetitive behaviors in response to preoccupations with perceived flaws in physical appearance
  C. Is a marked fear of being the center of attention or behaving in a way that will result in embarrassment or humiliation
  D. None of the above

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
The anxiety involved in phobia must be out of proportion to the actual danger or threat in the situation, after taking cultural contextual factors into account. Diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms for at least a 6-month duration, regardless of age, to minimize overdiagnosis of transient fears. Panic attacks are discrete episodes of intense anxiety that peak within 10 minutes and are associated with autonomic arousal. After an initial panic attack, apprehension of a future attack often occurs and is referred to as anticipatory anxiety.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is defined by obsessions (recurring thoughts) and compulsions (recurrent actions) over which the patient has little or no control. These defining characteristics interfere with functioning and may cause embarrassment. The most common obsession is that of contamination and washing or avoidance of a particular object that is contaminated. Another common obsession is self-doubt, associated with repeatedly checking to see that routine safety chores are done. Body dysmorphic disorder involves repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to preoccupations with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance. Social anxiety disorder (formerly called social phobia) is characterized by a marked fear of being the center of attention or behaving in a way that will result in embarrassment or humiliation.