Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
Although the precise cause of Peyronie's disease is not known, current belief regarding its etiology is that plaque formation results after disordered wound healing, often with calcium deposition in the plaque (Pendleton & Wang 2013). During regular sexual activity, susceptible patients may suffer nonpainful minor trauma to the penis that leads to a decrease in the elasticity of the tissue and fibroblast formation, eventually resulting in plaque. The plaque is present in the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa, which leads to shortening and curvature of the shaft of the penis. The resulting curvature can be in any direction: lateral, ventral, or dorsal.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
Phimosis is a condition seen only in males who are uncircumcised. The patient will often present with a history of progressive difficulty at retracting the foreskin and, in some cases, urinary obstruction. This is commonly preceded by poor personal hygiene, chronic balanitis or balanoposthitis, or poor control of diabetes mellitus. Longstanding phimosis will create a risk for chronic inflammation and squamous cell cancer of the penis.
A male American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla.
Large male reindeer
chitinous, exoskeletal surface of a male louse
Bipolar disease. The term bipolar means “pertaining to two poles.” The individual with this form of
The amyloid-β peptide, which plays a major role in Alzheimer’s disease
G-banded karyotype of a normal human male