Answer to Question 1
1
Florence Nightingale's theory focused on the environment for care. Sister Callista Roy's model is based in systems theory and an individual's ability to adapt. Dorothea Orem's model is the self-care deficit theory. Martha Roger's model is the science of unitary human beings.
Answer to Question 2
1, 3, 5
Hope is the ability to cherish a desire with an expectation of fulfillment. Hope is future-oriented and allows the person to set goals, devise strategies to achieve those goals, and have a sense of being in control. Despair, helplessness, and confusion are not qualities of hope.