Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
The patient is in the precontemplation stage of change, and the nurse's role is to assist the patient to become motivated to quit. The current Clinical Practice Guidelines indicate that the nurse should ask the patient to identify any negative consequences from smoking. The responses This would be a really good time to quit and Your smoking is the cause of your chest pain express judgmental feelings by the nurse and are not likely to motivate the patient. Providing information about the various nicotine replacement options would be appropriate for a patient who has expressed a desire to quit smoking.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Because the abuse of alcohol is a common factor associated with the development of pancreatitis, the first assessment step is to screen for alcohol use using a validated screening questionnaire. The SMAST-G is a short-form alcoholism screening instrument tailored specifically to the needs of the older adult. If the patient scores positively on the SMAST-G, then the CIWA-Ar would be a useful tool for determining treatment. The DAST-10 provides more general information regarding substance use. The Mini-Mental State Examination is used to screen for cognitive impairment.
The effectiveness of patient education
Assisting the patient to transfer from the bed or examining table to a wheelchair.
Pneumonia patient’s chest x-ray. Note the irregular areas of density.
Sandwich or capture enzyme immunoassay for patient IgM (double capture: IgM capture, Ag capture).
Colorimetric multiplex assay to determine anti-HLA antibodies in a patient's serum.