A patient has an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for ...

[nautica902]

A patient has an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for chronic ventricular tachydysrhythmias. If the patient's rhythm deteriorates to ventricular fibrillation,

Question 2

A sudden increase in left atrial pressure, acute pulmonary edema, and low cardiac output, caused by the ventricle contracting during systole, are all characteristics of
 
  a. acute mitral regurgitation.
  b. aortic insufficiency.
  c. chronic mitral regurgitation.
  d. pericardial friction rub.

[bimper21]

Answer to Question 1

Thank you

Answer to Question 2

A
Acute mitral regurgitation occurs when the ventricle contracts during systole and a jet of blood is sent in a retrograde manner to the left atrium, causing a sudden increase in left atrial pressure, acute pulmonary edema, and low CO and leading to cardiogenic shock. Chronic mitral regurgitation is auscultated in the mitral area and occurs during systole. It is high pitched and blowing, although the pitch and intensity vary, depending on the degree of regurgitation. As mitral regurgitation progresses, the murmur radiates more widely. Aortic insufficiency is an incompetent aortic valve. If the valve cusps do not maintain this seal, the sound of blood flowing back into the left ventricle during diastole is heard as a decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing murmur. A pericardial friction rub is a sound that can occur within 2 to 7 days after a myocardial infarction. The friction rub results from pericardial inflammation (pericarditis). Classically, a pericardial friction rub is a grating or scratching sound that is both systolic and diastolic, corresponding to cardiac motion within the pericardial sac.

[nautica902]

Excellent

[isabelt_18]

TYSM