Causes of delirium in critically ill patients include (Select all ...

[evelyn o bentley]

Causes of delirium in critically ill patients include (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. hyperglycemia.
  b. meningitis.
  c. cardiomegaly.
  d. pulmonary embolism.
  e. alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
  f. hyperthyroidism.

Question 2

The nutritional alteration most frequently encountered in hospitalized patients is
 
  a. respiratory quotient (RQ).
  b. protein-calorie malnutrition.
  c. fat-calorie malnutrition.
  d. gluconeogenesis.

[ryrychapman11]

Answer to Question 1

B, E, F
The causes of delirium in critically ill patients include metabolic causes (acidbase disturbance, electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia), intracranial causes (epidural or subdural hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, tumor), endocrine causes (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, Addison disease, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing syndrome), organ failure (liver encephalopathy, kidney encephalopathy, septic shock), respiratory causes (hypoxemia, hypercarbia), and medication-related causes (alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepines, heavy metal poisoning).

Answer to Question 2

B
The nutritional alteration most frequently encountered in the hospitalized patient is protein-calorie malnutrition. The respiratory quotient (RQ) is equal to the VCO2 divided by the VO2 . Fat, protein, and carbohydrates each have a unique RQ; thus, RQ identifies which substrate is being preferentially metabolized and may provide target goals for calorie replacement. This process of manufacturing glucose from nonglucose precursors is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is carried out at all times, but it becomes especially important in maintaining a source of glucose in times of increased physiologic need and limited supply. Fat is used as a source of energy.