Answer to Question 1
Answer: A
The new graduate nurse who is fresh out of the orientation phase is considered Stage II. The Stage II nurse is the advanced beginner, who demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. Stage III is the competency stage; the nurse at this stage has 2 or 3 years of experience and demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Stage IV is a proficiency stage. The nurse has 3 to 5 years of experience and has a holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision making, and focuses on long-term goals. The nurse at Stage V is considered an expert. Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient. The expert nurse no longer requires rules, guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. This individual has highly intuitive and analytic abilities in new situations.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: A
Clients deserve advocates who can help them navigate healthcare bureaucracy and help them access required and needed resources. Values basic to client advocacy include: the client is a holistic, autonomous being who has the right to make choices and decisions; the client has the right to expect a nurse-client relationship that is based on shared respect, trust, collaboration in solving problems related to health and healthcare needs, and consideration of his or her thoughts and feelings; and the nurse has the responsibility to ensure the client has access to healthcare services that meet health needs.
The nurse is using Standard Precautions to draw blood.
Analyzing a medical term.
Schematic of Rectification Unit
From Massage and Training by Andrews, 1910.
Reactions 6–10: The Energy Generation Phase
Nurse measuring the recumbent height of a toddler