A nurse educator is teaching a group of student nurses regarding ...

[stephzh]

A nurse educator is teaching a group of student nurses regarding depression, its pathophysiology, and the theories related to the disorder. What statements will the nurse instructor include about the theories of depression?
 
  Select all that apply.
  A) Intrapersonal theory focuses on the theme of loss, either real or symbolic.
  B) The sociocultural factor theory states that those who are depressed focus on negative messages in the environment and ignore positive experiences.
  C) The learning theory states that individuals learn to be depressed in response to a self-perception of a lack of control over their life experiences.
  D) The sociocultural factor theory suggests that gender socialization differences may be a factor in the higher rate of depression in women.
  E) The learning theory states that individuals with depression typically experience little success in achieving gratification and little positive reinforcement in coping with negative incidents.

Question 2

A nurse working on a psychiatric unit is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Upon assessment of the client, which clinical manifestations does the nurse anticipate?
 
  A) Depressed mood or loss of interest occasionally for at least 1 week
  B) A depressed mood sporadically for at least 2 years
  C) Restlessness, fatigue, suicidal ideation, feelings of guilt
  D) Anxiety, change in appetite, grief, altered nutrition

[Perkypinki]

Answer to Question 1

Answer: A, C, E

Among the theories of depression, the intrapersonal theory focuses on the theme of loss, either real or symbolic. Also, the learning theory states that individuals learn to be depressed in response to a self-perception of a lack of control over their life experiences. The learning theory also states that individuals with depression typically experience little success in achieving gratification and little positive reinforcement in coping with negative incidents. The cognitive theory states that those who are depressed focus on negative messages in the environment and ignore positive experiences. The gender bias theory suggests that gender socialization differences may be a factor in the higher rate of depression in women.

Answer to Question 2

Answer: C

MDD is diagnosed when the client experiences either depressed mood or loss of interest most of the day, almost every day, for at least 2 weeks. The depression must be accompanied by at least four symptoms, including: sleep disturbance, fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, restlessness or psychomotor agitation, and suicidal ideation or attempt.