Which of these statements is true regarding the vertebra ...

[nramada]

Which of these statements is true regarding the vertebra prominens? The vertebra prominens is:
 
  a. The spinous process of C7.
  b. Usually nonpalpable in most individuals.
  c. Opposite the interior border of the scapula. d.
  Located next to the manubrium of the sternum.

Question 2

During a breast examination on a female patient, the nurse notices that the nipple is flat, broad, and fixed. The patient states it started doing that a few months ago. This finding suggests:
 
  a. Dimpling.
  b. Retracted nipple.
  c. Nipple inversion.
  d. Deviation in nipple pointing.

[Jmfn03]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
The spinous process of C7 is the vertebra prominens and is the most prominent bony spur protruding at the base of the neck. Counting ribs and intercostal spaces on the posterior thorax is difficult because of the muscles and soft tissue. The vertebra prominens is easier to identify and is used as a starting point in counting thoracic processes and identifying landmarks on the posterior chest.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The retracted nipple looks flatter and broader, similar to an underlying crater. A recent retraction suggests cancer, which causes fibrosis of the whole duct system and pulls in the nipple. It also may occur with benign lesions such as ectasia of the ducts. The nurse should not confuse retraction with the normal long-standing type of nipple inversion, which has no broadening and is not fixed.